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5 protocols using anti cx3cr1 apc

1

Multiparametric Immunostaining of Dissociated Cells

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Dissociated cells were briefly fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature and washed once with FACS staining buffer (5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in PBS). Cells were then resuspended in 100 μl of saponin buffer (0.5% saponin and 2% FBS in PBS) and immunostained with anti-CD115-PE cy7 (1:1000, eBioscience #25115282), CD11b-APC-cy7 (1:2000, Biolegend #101226), PU.1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling #2266), chicken anti-GFP antibody (1:1000, Abcam #ab13970), anti-CX3CR1-APC (1:2000, Biolegend #149008), or anti-Ki67-PerCP-efluro710 (1:2000, Invitrogen, #66–5698–82) for 60 min at 4 °C57 (link).
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2

Quantifying Inflammatory Markers in HIV-related Cardiovascular Disease

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We focused on inflammatory and immune activation markers that have been associated with stroke and cardiovascular disease in HIV and non-HIV populations[28 (link)–37 (link)]. We tested inflammatory and immune activation markers in cryopreserved biospecimens from the most recent WIHS visit preceding the TCD study. IL-6 and CRP were measured in plasma samples using a multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay (Meso Scale Discovery, MD, USA). Soluble CD14 (R&D Systems, MN, USA) and CD163 (Aviscera Bioscience, CA, USA) were measured by ELISA. Details of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) laboratory testing have been described previously[38 (link)]. Cryopreserved PBMCs were thawed in batches and stained with viability dye LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit (Life Technologies, NY, USA). Cells were washed and stained with fluorescent conjugated antibodies for cell surface markers. To measure CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and identify monocytes, PBMCs were stained as described previously[38 (link)]. Subpopulations of monocytes were evaluated with stains for anti-CD14 FITC (eBioscience, CA, USA), anti-CD16 PE-Cy7 (Biolegend, CA, USA), anti-CCR2 PerCPCy5.5 (Biolegend), anti-CX3CR1 APC (Biolegend), anti-CD163 PE (R&D systems) and anti-CCR5 APC-Cy7 (BD, NJ, USA). Cellular markers were detected by flow cytometry using LSRII flow cytometer (BD).
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3

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Cells from LysM tdRFP Mice

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To isolate cells from the whole brain and spinal cord of LysM tdRFP mice, the tissue was homogenized after PBS perfusion, and a percoll gradient was performed according to standard protocols with 25 and 75% stock istotonic percoll (GE Helthcare) and HBSS. Cells were blocked with antibodies to Fcγ receptors (DRFZ, clone 2.4G2) to avoid non-specific staining, and were subsequently stained with FITC-labeled PerCP-labled rat anti-CD45 (BioLegend) or Cy5- (DRFZ), APC- or Pacific Blue™ (BioLegend)-labeled rat anti-CD11b, in some experiments fixable Viability Dye eFluor®780 (eBioscience), anti-CX3CR1 APC and anti-CD3 Brilliant Violet™ (both BioLegend) were used according to standard procedures, followed by fixation using 4% Paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Science) for 10 min. FACS analysis was performed on a LSR Fortessa (BD).
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4

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of PBMCs

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Peripheral blood samples were drawn from all participants on the day of inclusion, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation using lymphocyte separation medium (Corning, Manassas, VA, USA). The isolated PBMCs were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen until use.
Cryopreserved PBMCs were thawed and stained with Live/Dead Fixable Red Stain dye (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies for cell surface proteins. The stained cells were analyzed using an LSR II instrument (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and FlowJo v10 software (FlowJo, Ashland, OR, USA). The following antibodies were used: anti-CD3-V500 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD4-BV711 (BD Biosciences), anti-CD8-APC-eFluor780 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-CCR5-BV650 (BD Biosciences), anti-CXCR3-PE (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), anti-CCR6-BV786 (BD Biosciences), anti-CCR8-PE (R&D Systems), anti-CRTh2-PerCP/Cy5.5 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-CCR4-PE-Cy7 (BD Biosciences), anti-CCR3-APC (R&D systems), anti-CCR10-PE (R&D systems), anti-CCR9- PerCP/Cy5.5 (Biolegend), and anti-CX3CR1-APC (Biolegend).
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5

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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For flow cytometry analysis, isolated cells were pre-incubated for 10 minutes with purified anti-mouse CD16/32 (BioLegend) to block the Fc-mediated non-specific binding of antibodies. Then, cells were stained with the following antibodies: anti-CD64-PE/Dazzle 594, anti-CD115-PE/Dazzle 594, anti-CD3-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-NK1.1-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-Ly6G-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-CD24-PE/Cy7, anti-CX3CR1-APC, anti-CCR5-APC, anti-Ly6C-APC/Cy7, anti-CD45-BV421, anti-I-A/I-E-BV605 (all from BioLegend), anti-CD19-PerCP/Cy5.5, anti-CD11b-AF700 (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), anti-CCR2-APC (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and anti-F4/80-PE (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 20 minutes on ice. After surface staining, dead cells were stained with Zombie aqua™ Fixable Viability Kit (BioLegend). For the intracellular staining of TLR7, cells were fixed and permeabilized with the BD Cytofix/Cytoperm Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit (BD Biosciences) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, cells were stained with anti-TLR7-PE (BD Biosciences). Data were acquired on a FACS LSR Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and the percentage of each cell population and mean fluorescence intensity were analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar Inc, Ashland, OR, USA).
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