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5 protocols using anti chk1 ps317

1

Immunoblotting Analysis of DNA Damage Response

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Cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer, (50 mM Tris-HCL pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1% (v/v) NP40, 0.1% (w/v) SDS and 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, supplemented with protease inhibitors tablets and Phostop tablets) for 30 minutes on ice. Resulting lysates were clarified at 16,000 × g for 20 minutes. Gel electrophoresis was performed using the NuPAGE system (Invitrogen). Briefly, samples were resolved on 4–12% Bis-Tris gels in MOPS buffer, transferred to a PVDF membrane. Membranes were incubated with antibodies diluted in PBS supplemented with 5% milk protein and incubated, with agitation, overnight at 4° C. Membranes were washed in PBS for 3 × 5 minutes and incubated in appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 hour at room temperature. The antibodies used for immunoblotting were as follows: anti-CDK18 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology: sc-176), anti-pCDK substrate ([K/H]pSP) MultiMab rabbit Ab mix (Cell Signalling), anti-CHK1 (Sigma Aldrich), anti-CHK1 pS317 (Cell Signaling), anti-RAD9 (Bethyl laboratories: A300–800A), anti-RPA2 (Calbiochem), anti-RPA2 pT21 (Abcam), anti-RPA2 pS4/8 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-KAP1 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-KAP1 pS824 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-ATR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Actin (Abcam), HRP-secondary antibodies (DAKO) and Alexa-Fluor antibodies (Invitrogen).
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2

Synthesis and Antibody Validation for DNA Damage Response

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Hairpin Py–Im polyamides 1 and 2 were synthesized on solid phase Kaiser oxime resin using previously published protocols (18 (link)). Gemcitabine, etoposide, hydroxyurea (HU) and doxorubicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, as were all other reagents unless otherwise noted.
Antibodies purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech were: mouse anti-PCNA, anti-Chk1, anti-RPA2, anti-Rad17, anti-FANCD2, goat anti-ATR and rat anti-BrdU (CldU cross-reactivity). Antibodies purchased from Bethyl were: rabbit anti-H2AX, anti-MCM2, anti-MCM2pS108 and anti-RPA2pS4/S8. Antibodies purchased from Abcam were: rabbit anti-FANCD2, anti-MCM2pS108, anti-Rad9, anti-RPA2pS33, anti-Chk2 and anti-H2AXpS139. Antibodies purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies were: rabbit anti-ATMpS1981, anti-Rad17pS645, anti-Chk1pS345, anti-Chk1pS317 and anti-Chk1pS296. Rabbit anti-Chk2pT68 was purchased from Millipore. Rabbit anti-ATM was purchased from Calbiochem. Rabbit anti-ATRpT1989 was a gift of Prof. Lee Zou.
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3

Immunoblotting for Cell Cycle Regulators

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Membranes were incubated with antibodies diluted in PBS supplemented with 5% milk protein and incubated, with agitation, overnight at 4°C. Membranes were subjected to 3 × 5 min washes in PBS and incubated in appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The antibodies used for immunoblotting were as follows: anti-CDK18 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology: sc-176), anti-pCDK substrate (phosphor-[K/H]pSP) MultiMab rabbit Ab mix (Cell Signalling), anti-Cyclin A, anti-Cyclin E and anti-Cyclin B1 (all from Cell Signaling), anti-Histone H3 pSer10 (27 (link)), anti-CHK1 (Sigma Aldrich), anti-CHK1 pS317 (Cell Signaling), anti-Myc 9B11 clone (Cell Signalling), anti-RAD9 (Abcam and Bethyl laboratories), anti-RPA2 (Calbiochem), anti-RPA2 pT21 (Abcam), anti-RPA2 pS4/8 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-KAP1 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-KAP1 pS824 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-ATRIP (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-ATR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Actin (Abcam), anti-ORC2 (Bethyl Laboratories), anti-RAD17 (Bethyl Laboratories), RAD17 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-BrdU (AbD Serotec and BD), anti-RRM2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), HRP-secondary antibodies (DAKO) and Alexa-Fluor antibodies (Invitrogen).
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4

Cell Lysis and Antibody Analysis

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Cells were lysed as previously described [30] (link). The following antibodies that follow were used: anti-Tag (Pab101, [84] (link)), anti-actin (I-19, Santa Cruz), anti-CHK1 (G-4, Santa Cruz), anti-CHK1 pS317 (Cell Signaling), anti-CHK2 pT68 (Y171, Epitomics), anti-CHK2 (EPR4325, Epitomics), anti-NBS1 pS343 (EP178, Epitomics), anti-NBS1 (A301-289A, Bethyl Laboratories), anti-ATR (N-19, Santa Cruz), anti-DNA-PKcs (G-4, Santa Cruz), anti-KU80 (C-20, Santa Cruz), anti-KU70 (M-19, Santa Cruz), anti-DNA-PKcs pS2056 (EPR5670, Epitomics), anti-CtIP (A300-488A, Bethyl Laboratories), and anti-GAPDH (0411, Santa Cruz).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Cells were collected and lysed with pre-cooled RIPA lysis buffer supplemented with 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and fresh protease inhibitor cocktail. The cell lysate was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm/min at 4°C for 20 min and the supernatant was collected. After determining the protein concentration using the BCA Protein Assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA), equal amounts of protein were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then electrotransferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. After blocking with 5% (w/v) non-fat milk in Tris-buffered saline at room temperature for 1 h, the membranes were separately incubated with the following primary antibodies: anti-Nestin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-Chk1 (Santa Cruz), anti-p53 (Santa Cruz), anti-Chk1 pS317 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and anti-β-tubulin (Boster Biological Technology, Wuhan, China) for 2 h at room temperature. After extensive washing with 0.1% Triton X-100 in Tris-buffered saline, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Boster Biological Technology) for 1 h at room temperature before analysis using electrochemiluminescence western blotting detection reagents.
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