Ifs 48 spectrometer

Identification of the crystalline phase of synthesized LDH powder was performed using a Bruker D4 Endeavor diffractometer (Germany). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded over the 2Ѳ range of 5–70° at a scan rate of 2° min^-1 with a monochromatic Cu K_α radiation (γ = 1.5406 A°. 40 kV, 30mA, 0.02° step scan).
Fourier transform infrared spectrum was obtained on a Bruker IFS 48 spectrometer (Germany). 2 mg of LDH powder compacted with 200 mg of potassium bromide under a hydraulic pressure. The spectrum was recorded in the 4000–400 cm^-1 region with 2 cm^-1resolution averaging 100 scans. The average particle size (z average size) and size distribution were recorded by Nanosizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments (UK).
The morphology of the synthesized LDH particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a Philips EM208 (Netherlands) at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. For sample preparation, the freshly prepared LDH nanoparticles were dispersed in alcohol with ultrasonication for 30 min, and then, a droplet was dropped on a copper grid coated with amorphous carbon film.

Analysis of the functional groups present in the dried banana peel, as well as date stones, was carried out by absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region (400–4000 cm⁻¹) at 4 cm⁻¹ resolution [21 ]. The FTIR spectra were captured using a Bruker IFS48 spectrometer. To reduce spectrum contributions from ambient carbon dioxide and water vapor, the FTIR spectrometer was purged. The mean of four spectra from separate pellets of the same sample was then computed.