Stat1 antibody

The cells were lysed using RIPA lysis buffer and collected for Western blotting assay. The antibodies used in this study were anti-DENV NS2B antibody (1:3000; GeneTex, Inc, Irvine, CA), STAT1 antibody (1:3000; GeneTex), STAT2 antibody (GeneTex), phosphorylated STAT1 (Tyr701) antibody (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Beverly, MA), phosphorylated STAT2 (Tyr690) antibody (1:1000; Cell Signaling), and anti-GAPDH antibody (1:10000; GeneTex), in which detection of GAPDH protein level served as an internal control33 (link). DENV proteins are generated from proteolysis of single polypeptide translated from viral RNA, therefore each viral protein level can represent the DENV protein synthesis level. In our study, the NS2B served as an indicator of viral protein synthesis.

The procedure of western blotting was performed as described before^{20 (link)}. The listed antibodies were used in this study, including anti-DENV NS2B antibody (GeneTex, Inc, Irvine, CA), NF-κB antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Beverly, MA), IKK-α antibody (Cell Signaling), IKK-β antibody (Cell Signaling), IκBα antibody (Cell Signaling), STAT1 antibody (GeneTex), STAT2 antibody (GeneTex), phosphorylated NF-κB antibody (Cell Signaling), phosphorylated IKK-α/β antibody (Cell Signaling), phosphorylated IκBα antibody (Cell Signaling), phosphorylated STAT1 (Tyr701) antibody (Cell Signaling), phosphorylated STAT2 (Tyr690) antibody (Cell Signaling), and anti-GAPDH antibody (GeneTex). The GAPDH protein level served as an internal control^{20 (link),36 (link)}. The DENV nonstructural protein NS2B served as an indicator to represent viral protein synthesis.