2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin hpβcd

To induce SI injury, IND (Wako) dissolved in 5% NaHCO₃ was subcutaneously administered in the back neck of the mice (5 mg/kg body weight), as described previously (35 (link)). CS (200 mg/kg body weight; Sigma-Aldrich) or vehicle alone was orally administered to mice three times at 4 h intervals. d7-CS (330 μg per mouse; Sigma-Aldrich) was orally administered to Sult2b1^+/+ mice and assessed 4 h later. CS and d7-CS were dissolved in 40 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD; Sigma-Aldrich) before use. Twenty-four hours after IND administration, mice were intravenously administered 150 μL of 0.4% Evans blue dye (Wako) dissolved in PBS, and the mice were euthanized by decapitation 30 min later. The number of ulcer lesions in the SI stained with blue dye were counted under the stereomicroscope (SZ-PT; Olympus) and these areas were quantified using Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Ulcer lesions in the SI were also sampled for flow cytometry analysis to calculate the absolute number of neutrophils per wet weight.

Resomer^® RG 502 H, Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 50:50 (molecular weight 7 kDa) and mPEG-PLA diblock co-polymer (mPEG-PLA (R25) and mPEG-PLA (R45) were purchased from Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH (Essen, Germany), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Mw ~205 kDa), stigmasterol (95%), coumarin-6, and 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-Sitosterol >70% was purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), and Sulphuric acid (ACS grade) and acetic anhydride (AR) were purchased from Thermofisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other solvents used were ACS-grade solvents.
Human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), Minimum essential medium (EMEM), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and Trypsin 0.25% EDTA was purchased from Thermofisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other chemicals were standard chemicals required for cell culture.

Collagen was purchased from MSBIO, Inc. (Seongnam, Kyunggi, Korea). Methacrylic anhydride (MA), sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and triclosan (TCS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Riboflavin 5′-monophosphate sodium salt (riboflavin) as a photoinitiator was obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Dialysis membrane tubes (cut-off: 25 kDa and 3.5–5.0 kDa; Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) were used for methacrylated collagen (ColMA). The NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line was obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea).