Veleta slow scan ccd camera

For TEM, a TiO₂ NPs suspension (500 µg/mL; 5 µL) was applied onto glow-discharge-activated [22 (link)] carbon-coated 400-mesh copper grids (G400, SPI Supplies, Structure Probe, Inc., West Chester, PA, USA). Nanoparticles were sedimented for 1 min and the remaining solution was then blotted with filter paper and the grids were air-dried. A Philips CM100 electron microscope (Philips EO, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a Veleta slow-scan CCD camera (EMSIS GmbH, Muenster, Germany) was used to examine the grids. TEM images were processed in the proprietary iTEM software (EMSIS GmbH, Muenster, Germany).

Philips CM100 TEM (Philips EO, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) equipped with a Veleta slow-scan CCD camera (EMSIS, Muenster, Germany) was used to analyze AuNP sample. For this purpose, 5 µL of the AuNP sample was applied onto the Formvar/carbon-coated 300 Mesh copper grid activated by glow discharge (1 kV, 10 mA, 30 s)^{47 (link)}. After 30 s, the excess of AuNP sample was removed with a filter paper, and the grid was air-dried at room temperature (RT) and then analyzed at TEM at 80 kV. AuNP size and analysis was performed using AnalySis 5.2 software (EMSIS, Muenster, Germany) and R free software, version 4.1.2 [R Core Team 2021]⁴⁸ .

Five µL of the AMP dispersion in Milli-Q water (25 µg/mL) containing 0.1% trehalose were added onto the glow discharge activated (30 s, 1 kV, 100 mA) [100 (link)] carbon/formvar coated 300 mesh copper grids for 30 s. The excess liquid was then blotted with a filter paper before the grids were air-dried at room temperature. The analysis was performed using the AnalySis 5.2 software suite (version 5.2; EMSIS, Germany) on images obtained by a Philips CM100 TEM (Philips EO, The Netherlands) instrument equipped with Veleta slow-scan CCD camera (EMSIS, Münster, Germany), at a magnification of 64,000×, giving a pixel size of 0.3 nm. All measurements were conducted at 80 kV. The statistics and size distribution graphical output were carried out in R (R Core Team).