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154 protocols using streptomycin

1

Culturing B16-OVA Melanoma and T-Cells

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B16-OVA melanoma cells were kind gift from Dr. Amit Awasthi (TSHTI, India) and were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium (AT162, Himedia, India) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; RM1112, Himedia, India), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (A002, Himedia, India) and 10 mmol/L 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES; MB016, Himedia, India). The LentiX lentiviral packaging cell line were kind gift from Dr. Rahul Purwar (IITB, India) and were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; AT007, Himedia, India) containing 10% FBS, 2 mmol/L glutamate (TCL030, Himedia, India), 1% non-essential amino acid (ACL006, Himedia, India), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Himedia, India). Mice splenic T-cells were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 medium (Himedia, India) with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Himedia, India), 2 mmol/L glutamate (Himedia, India), 1% non-essential amino acid (Himedia, India), 50 U/ml recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2; 200-02, Peprotech, USA), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Himedia, India).
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2

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of the study isolates against gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, streptomycin, tobramycin, and netilmicin (Hi-Media, India) were determined by agar dilution method. For determination of susceptibility against other groups of antimicrobials, Kirby Baur disc diffusion method was used. Antibiotics tested were imipenem (10 µg), cefepime (30 µg), aztreonam (30 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), cotrimoxazole (25 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), and streptomycin (10 µg) (Hi-Media, India). Results were interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2017 [5 (link)]. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as a negative control.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling in Enterococcus

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Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (disc diffusion method) using Mueller-Hinton agar [15 ]. Six different antibiotics were tested and the zone size was measured. Amikacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, and neomycin (obtained from HiMedia, India) were taken and screening test for detection of high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in Enterococcus species was confirmed as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) approved standards [16 ] The E. coli isolates were described as isolates with high level aminoglycoside resistance considering growth ≥2048 μg/mL for streptomycin, ≥512 μg/mL for gentamicin, ≥512 μg/mL for neomycin, ≥256 μg/mL for tobramycin, ≥256 μg/mL for netilmicin, and ≥256 μg/mL for Amikacin. MICs were determined by Etest (AB Biodisk).
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4

Chrysin and Sodium Selenite Cytotoxicity Study

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Chrysin (97% pure) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) was obtained from LOBA Chemie (Mumbai, India), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and the antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin were obtained from HiMedia (Mumbai, India). Antibodies for m-calpain, Lp82, EGR-1, COX-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and β-actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. and Cell Signaling Technologies (CST; Danvers, MA). Anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (IgG) secondary antibody was obtained from Genei (Bengaluru, India). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Milli-Q water (Millipore, Bengaluru, India) was used throughout the experiments.
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5

Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens from Diseased Roots

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Initially, the infected parts of roots were separated and immersed for 2 min into 0.1% HgCl2 solution for the surface sterilization. Finally, the samples were rinsed four times with sterilized distilled water for removal of HgCl2. Small pieces of diseased roots were placed on malt extract (ME; Himedia, India) agar plates amended with streptomycin (200 μg/mL) (HiMedia, India) and incubated at 28°C for 72 h (39 (link)). After the emergence of fungal mycelia from the infected regions, the mycelia were purified by streaking on ME agar plates. Purified colonies were maintained after repeated subculturing on ME agar slants and kept in a refrigerator at 4°C.
The morphological characteristics of the isolated fungal pathogens were visualized under a light microscope (Zeiss Primostar) after staining with cotton blue and lactophenol on a glass slide.
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Comprehensive Cell Culture Reagent Procurement

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Cell culture media components such as DMEM, RPMI-1640 medium, Ham’s F12 K medium, penicillin, streptomycin, Hi-Sep Lymphocyte separation medium, HiKaryo XL RPMI medium, MTT, acridine orange, BSA, skimmed milk, prestained protein marker and tween 20 were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. DMSO, trypan blue, Hoechst 33258, DCFH-DA, Rhodamine-123, Tris base, TRI reagent, Oligo(dT)-18 mer primers, Protease/phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail and KBr were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Fetal bovine serum, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS), Trypsin–EDTA, Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit, Fluo-3 AM, propidium iodide and Geltrex LDEV-Free Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Matrix were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. M-MuLV reverse transcriptase enzyme, RNase A, dNTP mix and agarose were purchased from Genei Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India. Triton X-100, EDTA, glycine, ethidium bromide, BCIP, NBT, silica gel for column chromatography (60–120 meshes), vanillin, sulphuric acid and solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol (all HPLC grade) were procured from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Antibodies were procured from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., USA and Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Primers sets were purchased from Eurofins Genomics India, Bangalore, India.
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Thyroid Cancer Cell Line Cultivation

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The thyroid cancer tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were obtained from the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, from June 2017 to June 2018. The thyroid cancer cell lines (MDA-T32, TT, K1 and MDA-T68) and the normal thyrocytes were obtained from the Cancer Research Institute of Beijing (Beijing, China) and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Massachusetts, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Massachusetts, USA), 100 μg/ml streptomycin and 100 U/ml penicillin G (Himedia, Pennsylvania, USA) in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2.
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8

Rat Pheochromocytoma Cell Culture

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Roswell Park Memorial Institute (culture medium) (RPMI1640), Fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) were purchased from Himedia, India. The general chemicals were also purchased from Sigma or Merck, India. The rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells line used in the present study were obtained from the National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India.
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9

Comparative Analysis of Skin Cancer and Normal Cells

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Present study involves mouse skin B16F1 cancer, human skin SKMEL-5 cancer and normal human Detroit 551 fibroblast cell lines, which were procured from Cancer Research Institute of Beijing (Beijing, China). Procured cell lines were cultured and maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium) Invitrogen Life Technologies, United States. DMEM was supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%) and 100 U/ml each of streptomycin and penicillin G, (Himedia, Pennsylvania, United States of America). Afterwards, media with procured cells was placed in CO2 (5%) humidified incubator at 37 °C of temperature.
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10

Murine T Cell Activation Assay

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FK506 (Cat. no. F4679-5MG), Concanavalin A (ConA) (Cat. no. C0412-5MG), 5 -IRTX (Cat. no. I9281-1MG) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); antimouse CD25 (Cat. no. 553866), OptEIA kits for IL-2 (Cat. no.555148), , TNF (Cat. no. 558534) for sandwich ELISA were from BD Biosciences, SJ, CA, USA.; antimouse CD69 (Cat. no. 35-0691-U100), anti-mouse CD90.2 (Cat. no. 20-0903-U100) from Tonbo Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA; anti-mouse TRPV1 (Cat. no. ACC-029) from Alomone Laboratories (Jerusalem, Israel); anti-mouse CD3 (Cat. no. 40-0032-U500) and antimouse CD28 (Cat. no. 40-0281-U500) [functional assay grade] were procured from Tonbo Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA. Secondary anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 and T cell isolation kit (Dynabeads™ Untouched™ Mouse T Cells Kit, Cat. no. 11413D) were procured from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA USA. RPMI-1640 cell culture medium and FBS were purchased from PAN Biotech, Aiden Bach, Germany; DMEM cell culture medium, 10X RBC lysis buffer, 10X PBS, L-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin was from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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