Merlin compact fesem

Phase purity and crystal structure were investigated by powder XRD (Bruker D8 Advance, Germany). Chemical uniformities and compositions of the samples were characterized by an EPMA (JXA-8230, JEOL, Japan). The chemical compositions were averaged from 10 arbitrarily selected points. The microstructures of the samples with different compositions were examined by a field-emission SEM (MERLIN Compact FE-SEM, Carl Zeiss, Germany) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (JEOL2010, Japan).

The external structure and morphology characteristics of the synthesized composites were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss Merlin Compact FE-SEM and EDS). Surface elemental compositions and its morphology distribution maps were visualized with the SEM equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Optical and fluorescence images of Dox-loaded webs were observed with an inverted fluorescent microscope system (Olympus IX73, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Images were analyzed by ImageJ software (version 1.46r, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Fiber morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope (Merlin Compact FE-SEM, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with Pt sputter coating for 200 s (MSC-101, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).
Static contact angles (CA) of 4 µL of distilled water on fibrous surfaces were measured by an optical tensiometer (Attension Theta, Biolin Scientific, Paramus, NJ, USA) at room temperature.

Five-hundred-μL suspended erythroid cells were attached onto a four-chambered coverslip (Lab-Tek^® from Thermo Fisher, Rochester, NY, USA). The process of washing was done by using Ringer’s solution containing 2% BSA. After 1 h incubation with the vehicle or various concentrations of Pb, and subsequent staining with anti-glycophorin-A-PE for 30 min, shape observation was conducted by using confocal microscopy equipped with an argon laser (TCS SP8, Leica, Solms, Germany). Excitation and emission filters were respectively set at 488 nm and 550–600 nm. For SEM observation, vehicle- or Pb-treated erythroid cells were pre-fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde solution for 1 h at 4 °C and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 30 min at room temperature in the hood. Then the samples were dehydrated serially with 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% ethanol and were dried for coating with gold. A field emission scanning electron microscope (Merlin Compact FE-SEM, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) was conducted to observe shape changes.