Microsoft excel

Statistical analyses for all data except those from lifespan assays were carried out using a t test with appropriate parameters, that is, a two-tailed unequal variances t test for comparison of the unpaired control versus treatment groups. For comparing distributions between different groups in the lifespan assays, statistical calculations were performed using JMP software version 9.0 (SAS Institute), applying the log-rank test. All other calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel or GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software). p-Values are reported in detail without the use of arbitrary star ratings.

Data analysis was done with Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism version 7.00 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, United States). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test when comparing two groups, one-way ANOVA, or two-way ANOVA wherever appropriate for experiments consisting of more than two groups. Disease and time course interaction and effects were done followed with post hoc test with wither Holm-Sidak or Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) and are specified on each figure legends. Significance values are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for the in vivo experiments and mean ± SD for the in vitro experiments.

All experiments were repeated at least three times. The differences between treatment and control groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or unpaired two-tailed t-tests. P-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. All data represent the mean ± the standard error of the mean. Analyses were performed using the Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 6.0.

For live-cell fluorescence imaging microscopy, HepG2 cells were seeded on glass-bottom dishes and transfected with plasmid DNA. Twenty four hours post transfection, fresh medium was applied and cells were monitored by confocal microscope. For on-line investigations, representative cells or cell groups were selected and maintained in buffered medium at 37 °C. Concurrently with treatments, live-cell imaging was started at a rate of one picture per minute. Typically, single treatment experiments were finalised after 15 min and combined treatment experiments after 20 min. Microscopic analyses and image acquisitions were done on an LSM 700 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Jena, Germany), using ZEN 2012 blue edition and ZEN 2011 black edition software (Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH). Data were analysed and graphed using Microsoft Excel and Prism Software (Graph Pad, La Jolla, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA and either Dunnett’s or Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. α = 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.

All experiments were performed at least 3 times with statistical significance of different treatment groups calculated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple-comparison test) or by students’ t test. Difference were considered significant if P value was less than 0.05. Statistical analyses and graphs were made using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 7.