The neural activity was amplified, band-pass filtered at 150–8,000 Hz, and continuously sampled at 40 kHz using a multichannel acquisition processor (MAP) system (Plexon Inc.). Spike sorting was performed manually using an Offline Sorter (Plexon Inc.). The data were then transferred to NeuroExplorer (Plexon Inc.) for further analysis. LFP were first band-pass filtered into five bands: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz), low gamma (30–45 Hz), and high gamma (60–100 Hz),18 (link) and then all data were analyzed using NeuroExplorer (Plexon Inc.). For each rat, the LFP was recorded for at least 15 minutes.
Neuroexplorer
Manufactured by Plexon
Sourced in United States
NeuroExplorer is a software package for analyzing neural data. It provides tools for processing, visualizing, and analyzing spike train and neural time series data from a variety of electrophysiology recording systems. The software supports a wide range of data formats and offers a range of analytical functions, including spike sorting, waveform analysis, and spike train analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Matlab, by MathWorks (7 mentions)
Offline sorter, by Plexon (7 mentions)
Prism 8, by GraphPad (3 mentions)
Offline sorter software, by Plexon (2 mentions)
Spike2, by Cambridge Electronic Design (2 mentions)
Plexcontrol, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Map system, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Hst 32v g20, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Cineplex, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Prism 7, by GraphPad (1 mentions)
Ethovision xt, by Noldus (1 mentions)
Multi electrode array, by MultiSciences Biotech (1 mentions)
Matlab 2017b, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Matlab, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Origin 2019, by OriginLab (1 mentions)
Brainphys media, by STEMCELL (1 mentions)
Power 1401, by Cambridge Electronic Design (1 mentions)
Spss 23, by IBM (1 mentions)
28 protocols using neuroexplorer
1
Multi-channel Neural Signal Analysis
2
Optogenetic Stimulation of Lateral Habenula
3
Hippocampal Oscillations in Akt1-Deficient Mice
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Hippocampal oscillatory activity was examined to further assess whether Akt1 deficiency alters neuronal activity in the hippocampus. Adult female Akt1−/− mice and WT littermate controls (n = 5 each) were used, and electrodes were implanted into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. Details of electrode implantation and histology are provided in the supplementary methods . After recovery, the mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane (1%), and local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the hippocampus for 30 min using a Plexon system (Plexon Inc., Dallas, TX). Spectral analysis of LFP power was performed using NeuroExplorer (Plexon Inc.). The power spectra were calculated using Welch’s method (512 frequencies between 1 and 100 Hz, smoothed using a Gaussian Kernel with a bin width of 3). The mean oscillation power was averaged for different frequency ranges (delta: 0–4 Hz; theta: 5–8 Hz; alpha: 9–12 Hz; beta: 12–30 Hz; and gamma: 30–80 Hz).
4
Neuronal Activity Acquisition and Analysis Protocol
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During recording sessions, electrodes will be connected to headstages and voltage signals from each electrode will be recorded, amplified, bandpass filtered (from 250 Hz to 8 kHz for unit activity and from 0.7 Hz to 170 Hz for LFPs) and digitally captured (Plexon Inc, Dallas, USA). Neuronal activity was digitized at a rate of 40 kHz and LFPs were down sampled to 1 kHz. Behavioral events in the operant task will be streamed to the Plexon system via TTL pulses to allow the neuronal data to be accurately synchronized to these behavioral events. Single units spike sorting was performed off-line using Offline Sorter software (Plexon) and analyzed using Neuroexplorer (Nex Technologies) as previously described11 (link),12 (link). The quality of individual-neuron recordings will be ensured with the following criteria: <3% of all interspike intervals exhibited by the unit are <2000 µs, and the average amplitude of the unit waveform is at least three times larger than that of the noise band (>3:1 signal-to-noise). These units were classified into putative interneurons and pyramidal neurons according to the waveform spike width and average firing rate, as previously described48 (link). Electrophysiological data were analyzed using Neuroexplorer (Plexon) and Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA).
5
Multichannel Recordings in Animal Behavior
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Multichannel recordings were performed with connecting the head-connector of the animal to a preamplifier (20-fold gain, band-pass filtered, HST/32V-G20; Plexon Inc.) and a data acquisition system (Neural Data Acquisition System Recorder Recorder/64; Plexon Inc.). The cable harness was wrapped by a metal mesh for bite protection. Tension of the cable was relieved by a spring and a turnable, motorized commutator (Plexon Inc.) that permits free movement and rotation of the animal in the box. Broadband signals were recorded continuously using a preamplifier (Plexon REC/64 Amplifier; 1Hz-6 kHz) during the training with a sampling frequency of 12 kHz. LFPs were sampled with 2 kHz, visualized online (NeuroExplorer, Plexon Inc. Recording Controller) and stored offline for further analysis. To avoid ground loops between recording system, shuttle-box and the animal we ensured proper grounding of the animal via its common ground and left the grid floor on floating voltage.
6
Comprehensive Data Analysis Toolkit
7
Comprehensive Data Analysis Toolkit
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Data analysis was performed using Neuroexplorer (Plexon, Dallas, TX), custom scripts written in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA), ImageJ (NIH), and Prism 8 (GraphPad).
8
Multichannel LFP Recording in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex
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LFP recording was performed as previously described [16 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, i. p.) and fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus with left and right ear rods. After craniotomy and removal of the dura, an 8-channel microwire electrode array was targeted to the PFC, including prelimbic cortex (PrL), at 3.0 mm rostral to bregma and 0.4 mm lateral to bregma, and vertically lowered to a depth of 3.5 mm from the brain surface. The signals were filtered with a pass-band of 0.3–300 Hz and were further amplified and digitized at 2 kHz. The recorded LFPs were filtered by a 50 Hz notching filter to remove the powerline artifact. For LFP analysis, the wideband recordings were down-sampled at 1000 Hz. All data analyses were performed by Neuroexplorer (Plexon Inc., Dallas, TX) software.
9
Spatial Encoding by Hippocampal Place Cells
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For place cell recordings, the optical fiber was cut off and a custom-made tetrode was implanted via a pre-drilled hole (above the CA1) and secured to the skull using dental cement. After 3–4 days of recovery, daily screening for cells and spontaneous behaviors were initiated in an open field. A tracker system (CinePlex, Plexon) was used to record the position of a red LED attached to the head stage. The place field analysis was performed using the commercial software Neuroexplorer (Plexon). the spike density and position (animal coordinates) were sampled synchronously and a rate map was calculated for pixels of 5 × 5 cm that were visited by the mice. In all the groups, all pyramidal units that had average firing rates above 0.25 Hz were included in the analysis. We also defined the 'place field' as a contiguous region of at least 8 pixels (200 cm2) in which the firing rate exceeded 20% of the peak rate. The 'place field size' was considered the largest detected field size. The 'information density' was estimated as how much information a single spike conveys and was defined according to a previously described formula.18 (link)
10
Single Neuron Activity Recording
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Single unit activities were recorded using a Multichannel Amplifier System (Alpha Omega, Israel). A surgical recovery period of 7–10 days was given to all animals before the experiment. Signals were band-pass filtered at 100 Hz to 20 kHz and processed at sampling rate of 40 kHz. Spike of individual neurons was sorted by time–amplitude window discrimination and principal component analysis (Offline Sorter, Plexon Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) and validated through quantification of cluster separation, as previously described [67 (link)]. Baseline firing rates of sorted neurons were analyzed in 1 s segments (1 bin), with a custom-built interface in NeuroExplorer (Plexon).
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