All reagents were used without further purification. Epinephrine (EPI), dopamine, hydroquinone (HQ), hexaamin ruthenium (III), tartaric acid, sodium metabisulphite, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. As supporting electrolyte, 0.1 M buffer solutions were prepared from ortho-phosphoric or acetic acid in the pH range of 3.0–9.0. For the solution-based synthesis of GNRs, phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, 1,3-diphenylacetone, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), diphenylacetylene, bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni (COD)2) and iron trichloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Sodium metabisulphite
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany
Sodium metabisulphite is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a preservative and antioxidant in various industrial applications. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. Sodium metabisulphite is often used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries to prevent oxidation and inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Chloramine t, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Tartaric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α cellulose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citric acid monohydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium potassium tartrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
3 5 dinitrosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nap columns, by Avantor (2 mentions)
D galacturonic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L arabinose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D fucose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Megazyme (2 mentions)
Iodine in potassium iodide solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Termamyl 120l, by Megazyme (2 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
18 protocols using sodium metabisulphite
1
Electrochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanorods
2
Nanoparticle-Coated Polypropylene Fabric
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Nanoparticles were supplied from Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Cologne (Germany), as latex suspension in water, with a concentration of around 30%wt. They have a dense core (around 48 ± 0.5 nm in diameter) with extended polymer chains protruding from the surface. The end groups of the chains have -OH functionalities. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) average Mw 150 000, sodium metabisulphite, different dyes (Rose Bengal, Acid Fuchsin and Sunset Yellow), raffinose and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK, and used as received. Non-woven polypropylene fabric was purchased from Novatexx, Germany, (product code 2471). Poly(styrene-co-butadiene), with 45%wt styrene content, was purchased from Sigma Adrich, UK. Dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene was purchased from VWR, UK.
3
Standardized Almond Roasting and Lipid Analysis
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Natural raw and roasted almonds (Amygdalus communis L.; variety Nonpareil) were produced by Hughson Nut and supplied by the Almond Board of California. The roasted almonds were produced by using a standardised method of hot air (dry) roasting (150 °C for 15 min). Powdered beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was donated by Davisco Foods International (JE 002-8-415, Le Sueur, USA). Almond oil, glyceryl tributyrate (99%), glyceryl trioleate (65%), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (99%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (99%), trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA, 98.5%), sodium metabisulphite (⩾99%), sodium chloride (99.5%), calcium chloride (93%), sodium glycodeoxycholate (NaGDC, ⩾97% TLC) and pancreatin from porcine pancreas (L3126, activity 100–400 units/mg protein, where 1 unit corresponds to 1 micro-equivalent of fatty acid released from olive oil in 1 h at pH 7.7, 37 °C) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (Poole, UK). The oil of roasted almond was obtained from Huilerie Croix Verte (Neuillé, France) and sodium taurocholate hydrate (NaTC, ⩾97% TLC) was obtained from Alpha Aesar (Ward Hill, USA). Internal standards for gas chromatography analysis, C15:0 (pentadecanoic acid, monopentadecanoin, 1,3-dipentadecanoin, tripentadecanoin), were purchased from Nu-Chek-Prep, Inc (Elysian, USA).
4
Cellulose Pretreatment and Characterization
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α-cellulose (Sigma) was dried under vacuum (rota-vapor) for 4 h at 80 °C, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) (BASF, Basionics, > 95wt%) was kept under vacuum (Schlenk line) for 4 h at 90 °C. Calcium carbonate (Aldrich) and aluminium oxide (Riedel–de Haen) were kept under vacuum for 6 h at 110 °C to remove the moisture from metal oxides. Ammonium polyphosphate (Chemox Pound, n > 1000) was used as received. HPLC grade methanol, diethyl ether, toluene, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (E2CA), trichloro(octadecyl)silane (TOS) from Aldrich and ethanol (VWR Chemicals) were used as received. Dried toluene was used to dissolve the trichloro(octadecyl)silane. Celluclast 1.5 L produced by Tricoderma reesei ATCC 26921, citric acid monohydrate, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), sodium hydroxide, sodium potassium tartrate, phenol and sodium metabisulphite were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Bake-o-glide non-stick baking sheets (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated fabric) were purchased from the local vendor.
5
Radiolabeling of scFv Variants
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The scFvs variants were labelled with iodine-125 (125I) using Chloramine-T as described previously92 (link). In short, 400 nM of the three scFvs were mixed with 125I stock solution (Perkin Elmer Inc, Waltham) and 1 mg/mL of Chloramine-T (Sigma Aldrich) in PBS. After 90 s of incubation, the reaction was stopped with 1 mg/mL sodium meta-bisulphite (Sigma 08982). The radio-labeled scFvs were then purified from unbound and free 125I by using NAP columns (VWR 17-0853-02) and eluted in PBS. The radiolabeling procedures were done 1–2 h before the ex vivo studies. The yield of the labeling process varied between the different studies, due to inherent variation of the method, however this was accounted for in the dose calculations. The yield was approximately 22.8 MBq/nmol for the in vivo 96 h plasma stability study, 35 MBq/nmol for the 2 h and 48 h ex vivo studies, approximately 12 MBq/nmol for the NTE/CD ex vivo study (also 2 h) and approximately 3.5 MBq/nmol for the 24 h therapeutic ex vivo study.
6
Microbial Metabolism Analysis
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Some equipment used included Shimadzu GC-17A system, light microscope (Olympus CX 21), spectrophotometer (Jenway 6400), incubator (grant JB series), oven (Gallenkamp), and centrifuge (Labofuge 300). Chemicals such as Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PABA) and sodium metabisulphite were procured from Sigma Chemical Company, Paderborn, Germany.
7
Radiolabeling of Recombinant Antibodies
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The recombinant antibodies were labelled with iodine-125 using Chloramine-T as described previously [38 (link)]. Briefly, equal amounts of RmAb158 (molecular weight [MW] 150 kDa), Tetra-RmAb158 (MW 200 kDa) and Hexa-RmAb158 (MW 250 kDa) were mixed with the iodine-125 stock solution (Perkin Elmer Inc, Waltham, MA) and 1 mg/ml of Chloramine-T (Sigma Aldrich, Stockholm, Sweden) in PBS. After 90 s, the reaction was stopped by addition of 1 mg/ml sodium meta-bisulphite (Sigma Aldrich, Stockholm, Sweden). Free and unbound iodine was removed from the labelled antibodies using Zeba mini desalting columns having a MW cut-off of 7 kDa (Pierce biotech, Rockford, IL) and the antibodies were eluted in PBS.
8
Sorghum Grain and DDGS Extraction
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Ten kg each of whole grain sorghum and sorghum DDGS produced from the same whole grain were gifted by Dalby Bio-refinery, (Dalby, Queensland, Australia). The samples were vacuum packed and stored at 4 °C before further use.
Zein (grade: 99%; MW: 22–27 kDa), sodium hydroxide (NaOH; ACS regent grade: ≥ 98%; MW: 40 g/mol), sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5; ACS regent grade: ≥ 97.0%; MW: 190.11 g/mol), n-hexane (C6H14; ACS regent grade: 99%: MW: 86.18 g/mol), and methanol (CH3OH; ACS regent grade: 99.8%; MW: 32.04 g/mol) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Castle-Hill, NSW, Australia), absolute ethanol (CH3CH2OH; ACS regent grade: 95.5%; MW: 46.07 g/mol) and hydrochloric acid (HCl: ACS regent grade 37%; MW: 36.46 g/mol), were purchased from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Scoresby, VIC, Australia). All the experiments were performed in Curtin University in accordance with the research related norms laid down by University following the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
Zein (grade: 99%; MW: 22–27 kDa), sodium hydroxide (NaOH; ACS regent grade: ≥ 98%; MW: 40 g/mol), sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5; ACS regent grade: ≥ 97.0%; MW: 190.11 g/mol), n-hexane (C6H14; ACS regent grade: 99%: MW: 86.18 g/mol), and methanol (CH3OH; ACS regent grade: 99.8%; MW: 32.04 g/mol) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Castle-Hill, NSW, Australia), absolute ethanol (CH3CH2OH; ACS regent grade: 95.5%; MW: 46.07 g/mol) and hydrochloric acid (HCl: ACS regent grade 37%; MW: 36.46 g/mol), were purchased from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Scoresby, VIC, Australia). All the experiments were performed in Curtin University in accordance with the research related norms laid down by University following the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
9
Ciprofloxacin-loaded SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) Hydrogel
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SPI (Nutrimed Healthcare Private Limited),
AA (99%, Fluka), sodium metabisulphite (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), HPBA
(99%, Combi blocks), potassium persulphate (98%, Merck), MBA (97%,
GLR), and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride salt (97%, TCI) were obtained.
All the solvents used were of analytical grade (Merck, Mumbai). The
water used to prepare buffers was double-distilled Milli-Q water.
MTT and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from M/s Qualigens
(India). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine
serum (FBS), trypsin 0.25%, antibiotic solution, trypan blue, nutrient
broth, and nutrient agar were procured from M/s HiMedia (India). Ciprofloxacin
was used as the model drug for the study of controlled drug release
using the SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogel.
AA (99%, Fluka), sodium metabisulphite (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), HPBA
(99%, Combi blocks), potassium persulphate (98%, Merck), MBA (97%,
GLR), and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride salt (97%, TCI) were obtained.
All the solvents used were of analytical grade (Merck, Mumbai). The
water used to prepare buffers was double-distilled Milli-Q water.
MTT and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from M/s Qualigens
(India). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine
serum (FBS), trypsin 0.25%, antibiotic solution, trypan blue, nutrient
broth, and nutrient agar were procured from M/s HiMedia (India). Ciprofloxacin
was used as the model drug for the study of controlled drug release
using the SPI-g-(AA-co-HPBA) hydrogel.
10
Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Proteinuria Model
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Puromycin aminonucleoside was purchased by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). For monitoring urinary proteinuria, Multistix 10 SG Reagent Strips-Bayer was purchased by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Milan, Italy). Histological stains for PAS, sodium metabisulphite, periodic acid and Harris or Mayer’s hematoxylin were of the highest grade (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). For immunohistochemistry, we purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) monoclonal anti-CD68/ED1 (ab31630), polyclonal 4 hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (ab46545); polyclonal anti-caspase 3 activated (ab4051) and polyclonal anti-GRP78 (ab21685). From Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), we purchased polyclonal anti-claudin 1 (SAB4200462), from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA) rabbit polyclonal anti-caspase 1-p10 (GTX123675) and from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, Texas, USA), we purchased rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-GRP75 (sc-13967), polyclonal anti-GADD153/CHOP (sc-575), goat polyclonal anti-HSP25 (sc-1049), goat polyclonal anti-nephrin (sc-32530), and rat monoclonal antibody anti-GRP94 (sc-56399).
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