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336 protocols using spss version 14

1

Malaria Biomarker Analysis Protocol

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The data was entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.2 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Frequency tables generated for categorical demographic characteristics and anaemia status are summarized as percentages. The results for continuous variables are expressed as median with the interquartile range (IQR). Chi-square tests were used to examine the differences in categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was used when cell count was < 5. The Kruskal Wallis test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences in median values continuous variables among malaria patients and non-malaria subjects. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between plasma and saliva levels of each biomarker in malaria patients. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Box plots of median biomarker concentrations with 25th and 75th percentiles were plotted. SPSS version 14.2 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for statistical analysis. GraphPad Prism version 6 (La Jolla, CA) for windows was used to generate all the graphs.
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2

Nonparametric Analysis of Outcomes

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The group means and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated for all outcome variables. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the overall differences between the groups followed by Bonferroni post hoc test to compare the treatment groups with PL or GC groups (SPSS Version 14; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
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3

Questionnaire Data Analysis Protocol

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Data from the interviewer-administered questionnaires were captured using SPSS version 14, and descriptive statistics were calculated. Raw cotinine data were inputted into Microsoft Excel, and descriptive statistics were calculated. Means and ranges were used to summarise continuous data that were normally distributed, and medians and ranges if data were skewed. Categorical data were summarised using counts and percentages.
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4

Sexual Dimorphism in Palatal Rugae

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Prior to recording the findings, rugae observations were repeated twice for 20 casts to assess intraobserver error in interpretations. The discrepancies were not significant (P > 0.05). Association between length and directions and sex was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. The association between rugae shape and sex was tested using chi-square analysis. Bilateral differences were assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) was used to assess the possibility of sex prediction utilizing a discrete variable (shape) and continuous variables (dimensions and orientation) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 14 computer software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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5

Biochemical Profiling of Clinical Samples

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Biochemical tests were performed in the laboratory of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. Glucose assay was performed by enzymatic colorimetric (glucose oxidase) method in RxDaytona™ chemical analyzer (Randox Laboratories LTD, Antrim, UK). Total, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT were analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric method in Mindray BA-88A semi auto-analyzer (Mindray medical International LTD, China). HDL- cholesterol was determined by precipitation method and bilirubin was quantified by spectrophotometric method by Mindray BA-88A semi auto-analyzer (Mindray medical International LTD, China). Serum creatinine was measured by kinetic method, whereas PT/INR and FBC was done by the manual method. Parametric and non parametric statistical tests will be applied using the SPSS version 14 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and Stata/SE 10.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) for the data analysis.
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6

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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All values were expressed as mean ± S.D. Comparisons between means were carried out using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s HSD test using SPSS, version 14.
Statistical significance of differences between two means was assessed by unpaired Student’s t-test. Differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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7

Anthropometric Measurements and Regression Analysis

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The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 14 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Means, standard deviations, and ranges were used to summarize the anthropometric measurements. An independent t-test was used to test the differences between males and females mean measurements. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to find the correlation between various measurements of the lower limb. Regression is the determination of the statistical relationship between two or more variables [23 ]. Sex-specific simple and multiple regression equations for the estimation of different parts were developed using the lower limb measurements. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The accuracy of these equations was validated by the obtained standard error of estimate (SEE). A low SEE indicated a higher accuracy.
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8

Factors Influencing Diabetes Screening Adherence

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Since a trained investigator completed the questionnaires, the level of missing data was relatively low. SPSS version 14 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. The chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test were used to investigate associations between study variables and screening adherence. The independent sample t-test was used to determine the statistical significance of associations between quantitative variables and screening adherence. Since the outcome variable (history of diabetes screening by a fasting blood glucose test; yes/no) was dichotomous, binary logistic regression (stepwise forward entry) was performed for modeling. The level of statistical significance was considered as p-value<0.05.
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9

Vitamin D Metabolism Assay Protocol

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Numeric variables are presented using mean and standard error of mean. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 14; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences in serum 25OHD and other biochemical parameters at baseline and follow-up were analyzed using general linear model: mixed-effect regression model for between group comparison and repeated-measures ANOVA for within-group comparisons. P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
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10

Statistical Analysis of Research Data

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All results were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 14 software (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois) for windows. Student t-test was used for comparison of variables. Post Hoc analysis was also carried out. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between variables. The results were expressed in mean ± S.E and the level of significance was accepted at p < 0.05.
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