Lyophilised avidin from hen egg white was purchased from Merck and stored at −18 °C. Choline hydrogen carbonate ([Cho][HCO3]; 76.6% in water determined by titration), [Cho]Cl (>98%), [Cho][DHP] (>98%), hexanoic acid (99.8%), geranic acid (80% technical grade), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris) base, disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), citric acid monohydrate, SYPRO orange dye (5000X concentrate in DMSO), N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (DMPA, >97%), glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether Mn 690, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, >97%) lyophilised biotin powder were purchased from Sigma (Sigma Aldrich Corp, St Louis, MO, USA) and stored as recommended. geranic acid was recrystallised five times at −70 °C from a solution of 70 wt% geranic acid/30 wt% acetone, a known literature procedure.60 (link) Methionine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid and HABA (all >98%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) and used as received. Visking dialysis tubing with MWCO 12–14 kDa was purchased from Medicell (Medicell Membranes Ltd, London, UK). All water used was ultrapure water, obtained from a PURELAB Ultra water purifier (ELGA LabWater, High Wycombe, UK) with resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.
Geranic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Geranic acid is a chemical compound that serves as an analytical standard for various laboratory applications. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a distinctive odor. Geranic acid is commonly used as a reference substance in analytical procedures, particularly in the fields of organic chemistry and biochemistry, where its chemical properties and behavior are well-characterized.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Geraniol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Benzyl alcohol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
α terpineol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Citronellol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hexanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hexanal, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 octanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phellandrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
E 2 hexenal, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D limonene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
β damascenone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenylethyl alcohol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Geranial, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Neral, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
β myrcene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Z 3 hexenal, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hexanol, by Chem Service (2 mentions)
E 2 hexenol, by Chem Service (2 mentions)
10 protocols using geranic acid
1
Avidin Purification and Characterization
2
Microbial Production of Isoprenoids
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Geranic acid (85%), geraniol (98%) and thymol (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). (L)-(+)-Rhamnose monohydrate, glycerol and hexane (≥99%) were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany).
For growth assays, P. putida strain DSM 12264, S. cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1C [65 (link)] and E. coli strain DH5α [66 ] were used. Each organism was grown in complex medium: terrific broth (TB) for P. putida, yeast medium (YM) for S. cerevisiae and lysogeny broth (LB) for E. coli. Additionally, LB was used as preculture medium for Geranic acid production experiments with P. putida. For whole cell de novo syntheses, E2 medium [25 (link)] containing 10% LB was used. For PCR amplification of the MVA pathway genes, DNA of M. xanthus DSM 16526 was used.
For growth assays, P. putida strain DSM 12264, S. cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1C [65 (link)] and E. coli strain DH5α [66 ] were used. Each organism was grown in complex medium: terrific broth (TB) for P. putida, yeast medium (YM) for S. cerevisiae and lysogeny broth (LB) for E. coli. Additionally, LB was used as preculture medium for Geranic acid production experiments with P. putida. For whole cell de novo syntheses, E2 medium [25 (link)] containing 10% LB was used. For PCR amplification of the MVA pathway genes, DNA of M. xanthus DSM 16526 was used.
3
Comprehensive Volatile Compound Analysis Protocol
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Methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) NaCl (analytical grade) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China); and pure water was obtained from the Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA).
The chemical standards were purchased as follows: (Z )-3-hexenal, 2-octanol, hexanal, (E )-2-hexenal, geranic acid, phellandrene, β-myrcene, β-damascenone, D-limonene, citronellol, benzyl alcohol, neral, α-terpineol, geranial, geraniol, rose oxide II (cis), rose oxide I (trans), phenylethyl alcohol from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); octanoic acid, pentanal, octanal, nonanal, benzaldehyde, 3-methylbutanal, hexanoic acid, (Z )-3-hexenol, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, butyl acetate, ethyl pentanoate, methyl salicylate, hexyl acetate, (E )-2-hexenoic acid, P-cymene, terpinolene, linalool, 4-terpineol, geranyl acetone from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Germany); β-ionone from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); ethyl hexanoate from Nu-chek (USA); octanol, hexanol, (E )-2-hexenol from Chem Service (USA), and n-alkanes (C7-C27) from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA).
The automatic solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres of 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
The chemical standards were purchased as follows: (
The automatic solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres of 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
4
Insulin Suspension Formulation Development
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All reagents used were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Tap water was purified in a Master System All (model MS2000, Gehaka, São Paulo, Brazil) to a final resistivity of ca. 18.18 MΩ.cm and conductivity of 0.05 μS cm–1. Human insulin (ref. Novolin® N, 100 UI/mL, [protein] = 2.395 mg/mL, register MS No. 1.1766.0004.002-1; recombinant human insulin isophane suspension that is structurally identical to human insulin) was purchased from Novo Nordisk A/S (Kalundborg, Denmark). Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250, ortho-phosphoric acid (85%, v/v), UVASOLTM ethanol for spectroscopy (99.8%, v/v), Geranic acid (85% stabilized) and Choline bicarbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, United States). Oleic acid (P.A.) was purchased from LABSYNTH – Produtos para Laboratório (Diadema, Brazil). Glycerol was purchased from Cinética (Jandira, Brazil). HPLC-grade methanol (LiChrosolv®, CAS-No: 67-56-1) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Xanthan (XANTURAL® 180) gum (CAS No. 11138-66-2; MW of 241.11 g/mol) was a kind gift from CPKelco (Limeira, Brazil). Methylparaben was acquired from Synth (Diadema, Brazil).
5
Comprehensive Volatile Compound Analysis
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Methanol HPLC grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), NaCl (analytical grade) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and pure water was obtained from the Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The standards (purity > 95%) used for the quantification and identification of the volatile compounds and the chemical standards were obtained as follows: (E)-2-hexenal, geranic acid, (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-octanol, hexanal, phellandrene, β-damascenone, β-myrcene, D-limonene, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, neral, geranial, α-terpineol, (Z)-rose oxide II, geraniol, (E)-rose oxide I and phenylethyl alcohol from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); hexanoic acid, benzaldehyde, octanoic acid, octanal, nonanal, pentanal, 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-ol, (Z)-3-hexenol, heptanol, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl salicylate, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, hexyl acetate, terpinolene, P-cymene, linalool, geranyl acetone, 4-terpineol, β-ionone and ethyl hexanoate was obtained from Nu-Chek Prep (Elysian, MN, USA); hexanol, octanol, (E)-2-hexenol from Chem Service Inc. (West Chester, PA, USA). The automatic solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers of 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen (DVB/PDMS/CAR) were obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
6
Fatty Acid and Alcohol Synthesis
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Decanoic acid, doDecanoic acid, tetraDecanoic acid, decan-1-ol, undecan-1-ol and geraniol were purchased from Acros Organics. UnDecanoic acid, triDecanoic acid, tridecan-1-ol, geranic acid, sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 •2H 2 O), Sephadex G-50 and 8hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (pyranine) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. PentaDecanoic acid, dodecan-1-ol, tetradecan-1-ol, pentadecan-1-ol and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 •6H 2 O) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. All reagents used were analytical grade (≥ 97%).
7
HPLC Analysis of Anthocyanins and Terpenes
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Solvents of HPLC-gradient grade and all other chemicals of analytical-reagent grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). The solutions were prepared in deionized water produced by a Milli-Q system (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, DE) . Chemical standards of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, petunidin chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, and cyanidin chloride were supplied by Extrasynthèse (Genay, France), whereas those of (+)-catechin, linalool oxide (mixture of isomers), linalool, α-terpineol, citral, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, rose oxide (mixture of isomers), geranyl acetate, geranic acid, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethyl acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
8
HPLC Analysis of Saffron Authenticity
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Acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, acetic and formic acid of HPLC grade were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Sodium borate and phosphoric acid were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water for the chromatographic mobile phase and for preparing the saffron extracts was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Madrid, Spain).
Several standards, verapamil, niflumic acid, propranolol, terfenadine, geranic acid, genistein, baicalein, quercitrin, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Ten saffron samples (stigmas or powdered) from Spain and Iran were provided by "Carmencita" company (Alicante, Spain). Their quality and authenticity had been checked according to the ISO 3632 parameters and HPLC analysis of dyes. All authentic saffron samples belonged to the commercial category I. In addition, a total of ten saffron samples suspected of adulteration (stigmas or powdered) purchased in Spain and Iran markets were also provided by "Carmencita" company. The suspicious samples were considered as such according to the criteria of the market based on their low cost and/or questionable origin.
Several standards, verapamil, niflumic acid, propranolol, terfenadine, geranic acid, genistein, baicalein, quercitrin, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Ten saffron samples (stigmas or powdered) from Spain and Iran were provided by "Carmencita" company (Alicante, Spain). Their quality and authenticity had been checked according to the ISO 3632 parameters and HPLC analysis of dyes. All authentic saffron samples belonged to the commercial category I. In addition, a total of ten saffron samples suspected of adulteration (stigmas or powdered) purchased in Spain and Iran markets were also provided by "Carmencita" company. The suspicious samples were considered as such according to the criteria of the market based on their low cost and/or questionable origin.
9
Nonenolide Synthesis and Characterization
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NOB was synthesized by an established method50 (link) and provided by the Ushio Chemix Corp. (Shizuoka, Japan). Geranic acid (85%), choline bicarbonate (~80% in water), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.5 atom %D), chloroform-d (99.8 atom % D), and phosphate buffered saline tablets were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetone, 4% paraformaldehyde phosphate buffer solution, formic acid, and ethanol were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industries (Tokyo, Japan). Porcine skin (Yucatan Micropig) was purchased from Charles River Laboratories International (Yokohama, Japan). All other chemicals were of the highest grade commercially available, and all solutions were prepared in deionized and distilled water.
10
Neurochemical Investigations in Aging Rodents
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Male Wistar rats (E19—12 months of age or older), male SAMP1 (24 weeks of age), and male SAMP8 (24 weeks of age) were purchased from Japan SLC (Shizuoka, Japan). The rats and mice were housed under standard laboratory conditions (23 °C ± 1 °C, 55% ± 5% humidity) and had access to tap water and diet ad libitum. The lights were automatically turned on at 8:00 and turned off at 20:00. All experiments were carried out in compliance with the guidelines established by the University of Shizuoka for the care and use of laboratory animals, and the ARRIVE guidelines. The protocols were pre-approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Shizuoka.
BTP3-Neu5Ac was synthesized according to the procedure described previously3 (link). Geranic acid (85%), chorine bicarbonate (~ 80% in water), and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6, 99.5 atom %D) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
BTP3-Neu5Ac was synthesized according to the procedure described previously3 (link). Geranic acid (85%), chorine bicarbonate (~ 80% in water), and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6, 99.5 atom %D) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
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