Anthropometric measurements were performed with subjects wearing light clothing and shoes-off in standing position. Height (accurate to 0.1 cm) was measured using a standard stadiometer, and weight (accurate to 0.1 kg) was measured using a Tanita MC-780A (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Other information of potential covariates was collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview with the attendance of both children and their guardians. Information of both children (e.g., age, birth information, physical activity, and use of supplements) and their parents (e.g., household income and education) was collected. Physical activity was noted by a continuous 3-day (two weekdays and one weekend day) record over the prior week (27 (link)), which investigated the daily physical activities that children were engaged in and time expenditure of each items (accurate to 15 min).
Mc 780a
Manufactured by Tanita
Sourced in Japan
The MC-780A is a laboratory equipment product from Tanita. It is a multicomponent body composition analyzer that measures various body composition parameters, such as body weight, body fat percentage, and muscle mass. The device provides detailed data on an individual's body composition.
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39 protocols using mc 780a
1
Comprehensive Anthropometric Assessment of Children
2
Anthropometric Measurements in Healthy Adults
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Height and weight were measured with subjects in light clothing and shoes-off in standing position using a standard stadiometer and a Tanita MC-780A (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and accurate to 0.1 cm or kg. CC, WC, and HC were measured using inelastic tape around the same anatomical sites. Height, CC, WC, HC were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and weight to the nearest 0.1 kg. All these measurements were operated twice, or thrice if differences larger than 2 cm was found, and the averages were calculated. BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height square (m2). WHR was calculated as WC (cm)/HC (cm). WHtR was calculated as WC (cm)/height (cm).
3
Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation Assessment
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Age, sex, underlying diseases, coronary risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction, body composition, muscle strength, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), KCL, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form were assessed at the beginning and end of CR, as described previously.8 (link),12 (link) Anthropometric parameters, including percentage body fat, lean body mass, and muscle mass, were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (MC-780A; TANITA, Tokyo, Japan). The grip strength of both hands was measured in participants in a standing position, with the higher grip strength value of the 2 hands used in analyses. The 6MWD test was performed as described previously.3 (link) For blood biochemistry, parameters such as hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c, and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) were measured.13
4
Comprehensive Physical Assessment Protocol
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The handgrip strength was measured using a TKK 5401 dynamometer (Takei Co., Niigata, Japan). The participants were asked to squeeze the dynamometer twice with each hand. Grip strength was performed with the left and right hands, and the higher value was recorded.
A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with an MC-780A (Composition Analyzer: Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan) was conducted to investigate muscle mass. The BIA method requires the participants to step onto a platform and maintain a standing position for approximately 30 seconds. The skeletal mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the limb muscle mass (kg) by height squared (m2). Quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) was used to assess the calcaneal bone mass. A CM-200 sonometer (Furuno Co., Nishinomiya, Japan) was used to evaluate the speed of sound through the calcaneus. Participants were asked to place their right heel on the QUS device in a sitting position. %YAM was used to explain bone mineral density as a result of the QUS. A 10-m walking line was prepared. The walking and measurement sections were set. The participants completed a single trial at free speed following the instruction “At usual walking speed.” Walking speed was calculated using OPTO Gait analysis software ver. 1.6.4.0 (Microgate S.r.L, Bolzano, Italy).
A bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with an MC-780A (Composition Analyzer: Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan) was conducted to investigate muscle mass. The BIA method requires the participants to step onto a platform and maintain a standing position for approximately 30 seconds. The skeletal mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the limb muscle mass (kg) by height squared (m2). Quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) was used to assess the calcaneal bone mass. A CM-200 sonometer (Furuno Co., Nishinomiya, Japan) was used to evaluate the speed of sound through the calcaneus. Participants were asked to place their right heel on the QUS device in a sitting position. %YAM was used to explain bone mineral density as a result of the QUS. A 10-m walking line was prepared. The walking and measurement sections were set. The participants completed a single trial at free speed following the instruction “At usual walking speed.” Walking speed was calculated using OPTO Gait analysis software ver. 1.6.4.0 (Microgate S.r.L, Bolzano, Italy).
5
Estimating Appendicular Lean and Fat Mass
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The appendicular lean mass and fat mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis devices (MC‐780A; Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan). The validity and reproducibility of appendicular lean mass and fat mass measurements by the segmental multiple‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were reported to be comparable to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry19 , 20 , 21 , 22 and hydrostatic weighing19 . SMI was obtained by dividing appendicular lean mass by squared body height21 .
6
Aging, Health, and Body Composition
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Participants reported their age, gender, living arrangement (with others/ alone), and self-rated health (very good/ good/ fair/ poor) in autumn. We classified participants between the ages of 65 and 74 years as young-old, and those between ages 75 and 84 years as old-old. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight (kg/m2) measured by body composition analyzer MC-780A (TANITA corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
7
Detailed Body Composition Measurement
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Body height was measured using a stadiometer. Muscle mass and body weight were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method with a multi-frequency segmental body composition analyzer (model MC-780A; Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan) [32 (link)]. Body weight and muscle mass of the trunk, arms, and legs (kg) were measured, and the body-mass index (BMI) was calculated. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated as the sum of the muscle mass of the arms and legs. The muscle mass was divided by the squared height to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg/m2).
8
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Muscle Mass Evaluation
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Muscle mass was measured through bioelectrical impedance assay using the MC‐780A (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). The whole‐body impedance was measured using an ipsilateral foot‐hand electrical pathway. Appendicular muscle mass was calculated as the sum of the muscle mass of the arms and legs. Absolute appendicular muscle mass was converted to skeletal muscle index (SMI) by dividing the value by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Data on gender (men or women), age, and medication‐taking were obtained using a questionnaire of the health examination. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers were defined as follows, based on Japanese guidelines: hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg),28 type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%),29 and dyslipidemia (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dl, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl, and/or triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl),30 or receiving medication for these diseases. From the obtained data, body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight by the squared height (kg/m2).
9
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Muscle Mass
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Using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita MC-780 A multi frequency segmental body composition analyzer; Tanita Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), we investigated the trunk and lower limb muscle mass [18 (link), 19 (link)]. The participants stepped onto the analyzer barefoot, each foot on 2 electrodes, and the examiner entered the participants’ information (age, gender and height). Once the body mass was assessed by the scale, the participants held 2 electrodes gripped in each hand during impedance measurement, which was performed for 20 s. Segmental muscle mass values were indicated on the digital screen (trunk, left and right lower limbs). We then calculated the total muscle mass of both lower limbs (lower limb muscle mass).
10
Bioimpedance Analysis for Trunk Muscle Mass
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We measured the trunk muscle mass (kg) of participants using the BIA method with a body composition analyzer (MC-780A, Tanita Co., Tokyo, Japan). BIA is a non-invasive examination technique used to determine body composition by measuring the electrical resistance (bioimpedance) of living tissues [21 (link)]. The BIA device (MC-780A) measures bioimpedance using six electrical frequencies (1, 5, 50, 250, 500, and 1000 kHz). It can accurately identify bone and fat because it distinguishes tissues by their bioimpedance. Muscle mass (kg) was calculated by subtracting fat mass and bone mass from the total body weight (kg). Furthermore, trunk muscle mass (kg) was calculated by subtracting the ASM (kg) from the muscle mass of the whole body (kg).
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