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6 protocols using ab683

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Cytoskeletal and Stem Cell Markers

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Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min, followed by a 5-min permeabilization step with 100% methanol, washed twice with PBS for 5 min per wash. Next, the cells were blocked with 0.1% Tween (Sigma-Aldrich) and 10% normal donkey serum blocking solution (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS at room temperature. Cells were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies; dilution of 1:100 rabbit anti-αSMA (Abcam #ab5694), 1:100 rabbit anti-Nanog (Abcam #ab21624), and 1:250 mouse anti-smMHC11 (Abcam #ab683). The cells were then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with secondary antibodies donkey anti-mouse 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific #a21202) and donkey anti-rabbit 594 (Thermo Fisher Scientific #A21207) at 1:200 dilution. After rinsing, cells were incubated with a drop of NucBlue Fixed Cell Ready Probes Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific #R37606) in PBS for 5 min. Cells were stored at 4°C in the dark. Examination was done using the confocal microscope A1 (Nikon Instruments Inc), and all images were processed with Elements 3.20 software (Nikon Instruments Inc).
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2

Flow Cytometric Analysis of SHED-Derived Smooth Muscle Cell Markers

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BD Cytofix/Cytoperm™ Fixation/Permeabilization Kit (554714; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) was used in flow cytometry to detect the expression of the various aforementioned smooth muscle cell markers by SHED-derived SMCs. Cell dissociation solution (C5914; Sigma-Aldrich) was used to disperse the SHED-derived SMCs. After fixation and permeabilization, cells were incubated for 2 hours with primary antibodies against α-SMA (ab124964; Abcam), SM22 alpha (ab14106; Abcam), smooth muscle Myosin heavy chain 11 (ab683; Abcam), Calponin (ab46794; Abcam), and then washed with PBS. This was followed by incubation with the appropriate secondary antibodies: goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) pre-adsorbed (ab150117; Abcam) and goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077; Abcam). In this study, mouse IgG1, kappa monoclonal (ab170190; Abcam) and rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] (ab172730; Abcam) were utilized as the isotype control. Flow cytometry data was analyzed with FACSVerse software (BD Biosciences).
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3

VSMC Phenotype Modulation by SP-8356

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To assess whether SP-8356 affects VSCM phenotype modulation, induced contractile VSMCs were pre-treated with SP-8356 for 30 min and subsequently treated with recombinant human protein CD147 (5 μg/mL, ab155636, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA). After 24 h of incubation, cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Cells were then permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 and blocked for 30 min with 1% bovine serum albumin in PBST, followed by incubated at 4 °C with primary antibody to smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) (1:200 dilution, ab683, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) for overnight. Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:400 dilution, A28175, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used for secondary antibody and nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33,342 solution.
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4

Smooth Muscle Cell Marker Expression

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Flow cytometry was performed as previously described using the BD Cytofix/Cytoperm™ Fixation/Permeabilization Kit (554714; BD Biosciences) to detect the expression of the various aforementioned smooth muscle cell markers by SHED-derived smooth muscle cells (SMCs). A cell dissociation solution (C5914; Sigma-Aldrich) was used to disperse the SHED-derived SMCs. After fixation and permeabilization, cells were incubated for 2 h with primary antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (ab124964; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), SM22 alpha (ab14106; Abcam), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 (ab683; Abcam), and calponin (ab46794; Abcam), and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). This was followed by incubation with the appropriate secondary antibodies: goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed (ab150117; Abcam) and goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488). In this study, mouse IgG1, kappa monoclonal (ab170190; Abcam), and rabbit IgG monoclonal [EPR25A] (ab172730; Abcam) were used as isotype controls. Flow cytometry data were analyzed using the FACSVerse software (BD Biosciences).
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5

Immunocytochemical Analysis of SHED-derived SMCs

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After differentiation, SHED-derived SMCs were fixed with 4% (w/v) cold PFA for 15 minutes and washed with PBS. The cells were then permeabilized using 0.1% (v/v) Triton-X100 for 10 minutes. Primary antibodies against α-SMA (A2547; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), SM22 alpha (ab14106; Abcam), smooth muscle Myosin heavy chain 11 (ab683; Abcam) and Calponin (ab46794; Abcam) were utilized for immunocytochemical staining. Goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) pre-adsorbed (ab150117; Abcam) and goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077; Abcam) were utilized as secondary antibodies. Primary SHED and SMCs were used as negative and positive controls. The images were viewed and captured under fluorescence microscopy.
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cytoskeletal Proteins

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Cells were fixed by incubating with 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS for 1 h at room temperature, washed with washing buffer (0.1% Tween–20/PBS) for 1 h once, and washed/permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100/PBS for 1 h at room temperature twice. Cells were blocked with a blocking buffer (3% BSA/2% goat serum/PBS) for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were incubated with primary antibodies/blocking buffer (mouse smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), Abcam ab683, 1:50; rabbit collagen I, Abcam ab3,4710, 1:100; rabbit collagen IV, Abcam ab6,586, 1:100) overnight at 4°C on shaker. Cells were washed with washing buffer for 1 h at room temperature three times, then incubated with secondary antibodies/Hoeschst dye/blocking buffer (Alexa 488 goat-antimouse, Invitrogen A1,1001, 1:300; rhodamine goat–antirabbit, Millipore AP132, 1:300; Hoeschst dye, Cell Signaling Technology 4,082S, 2 μg/mL) for 1 h at room temperature on shaker. For cytoskeletal staining, cells were incubated with Rhodamine-phalloidin (Sigma P1951, 1:100 in blocking buffer) for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were again washed with washing buffer for 1 h three times, followed by imaging using confocal microscope (20× oil immersion, Leica SP8 confocal system). Images were colored and overlaid using Fiji software.
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