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14 protocols using etcs 761

1

Spectral Characterization of Protein Samples

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Spectral measurements were made in Jasco V-660 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Jasco V-660, Provided by: JASCO Corporation., Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji-shi., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a programmable Peltier type temperature controller (ETCS761). For absorbance studies (wavelength region of 700–240 nm), 20–25 µM of the protein concentration was used within 1.0 cm path length cuvette. The raw data were converted into molar absorption coefficient using the relation:
where A is the absorbance, c is the molar concentration, l is the path length of the cuvette in cm, and ε is the molar absorption coefficient (M−1 cm−1). All spectral measurements were taken in triplicate.
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2

Temperature-Dependent Carbonic Anhydrase Aggregation

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Temperature dependent aggregation of CA was monitored by measuring the change in the light scattering intensity at 500 nm using Jasco V-660 UV/Vis spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier type controller (ETCS-761) with a heating rate of 1°C/min. This scan rate was found to provide adequate time for equilibration. Each sample was heated from 20 to 80°C. The measurements were repeated for three times. The temperature dependent aggregation curve of carbonic anhydrase was analyzed using the following empirical equation (Senisterra et al., 2006 (link), 2010 (link)):
where I is the light scattering intensity at temperature T, If is the limiting value of light scattering at higher temperatures. Tagg is the temperature corresponding to the middle point of the transition, i.e., a temperature at which I = If/2 and b is constant. Each curve was independently analyzed for the respective aggregation parameters and mean was calculated. The deviations (standard error) from the mean was then analyzed.
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3

UV-vis Spectral Measurements of Protein

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A Jasco V-660 UV-vis spectrophotometer attached to a Peltier-type temperature controller (ETCS761) was used for spectral measurements. For these measurements, 6–7 µM protein in a cuvette of 1.0 cm path length was used (Parray et al., 2020a (link); Parray et al., 2020c (link)).
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4

Spectroscopic Analysis of G-Quadruplex Folding

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Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were obtained on a JASCO J-600 spectropolarimeter, equipped with a thermostated cell holder, with 5 μM oligonucleotides solutions in 50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl. The spectra were recorded in 0.5 cm quartz cuvette at room temperature and 90°C. The spectra are reported as ellipticity (mdeg) versus wavelength (nm). Each spectrum was recorded three times, smoothed and subtracted to the baseline.
UV-melting analysis was performed using the Jasco V-750 UV-visible spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier temperature control system (ETCS-761) (Jasco, JP). The spectra were analyzed with Spectra Manager (Jasco, JP). Oligonucleotides (5 μM) were annealed in 100 mM KCl, 50 mM Na-cacodylate pH 7.4 (10 min at 95°C, overnight at room temperature). The melting curves were recorded at 295 nm in a 0.5 cm path length quartz cuvette heating (20–90°C) and cooling (90–20°C) at a rate of 0.5°C/min. The thermodynamic parameters for the folding of the wild-type and modified oligonucleotides into G4 were obtained from the UV-melting curves. The ‘DNA-Melting Analysis’ program (Jasco, JP), which analyzed the melting curves according to a standard all-or-none model, gave the ΔH ° and Δ values. The free energy of quadruplex formation was calculated according to: ΔG ° = −RT ln K = ΔH ° − TΔS °.
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5

Thermal and Structural Analysis of Oligonucleotides

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UV-melting was performed by using Jasco V-750 UV-visible spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier temperature control system (ETCS-761) (Jasco Europe, Cremella, Italy). The spectra were analyzed with Spectra Manager (Jasco Europe, Cremella, Italy). The oligonucleotides (5 μM) were annealed in 50 mM Na-cacodylate, pH 7.4 and 100 mM KCl, (5 min at 95 °C, overnight at RT). The melting curves were recorded at 295 nm in a 0.5 cm path length quartz cuvette, heating (25–95 °C) at a rate of 0.5 °C/min.
Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were obtained on a JASCO J-600 spectropolarimeter, equipped with a thermostated cell holder, with 5 μM oligonucleotide solutions in 50 mM Na-cacodylate, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl. The spectra were recorded in 0.5 cm quartz cuvette at 25 and 95 °C and reported as ellipticity (mdeg) versus wavelength (nm). Each spectrum was smoothed and subtracted to the baseline.
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6

UV-vis Spectrophotometer Characterization

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The UV-vis measurements were conducted with a JASCO V 630 spectrophotometer (wavelength accuracy: ± 0.7 nm) using a quartz glass cuvette (D = 10 mm). A halogen lamp was used as the light source and the sample holder was a JASCO ETCS 761.
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7

UV Spectroscopy of Oligonucleotide Thermal Denaturation

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The UV spectra was measured on a Jasco V-750 UV spectrophotometer fitted with a Peltier temperature controller (ETCS-761, Jasco, Japan). The ODNs were dissolved at a concentration of 15 μM in a buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and 100 mM KCl, followed by denaturation at 95°C for 5 min and annealing at room temperature for 2 h. The UV spectra was measured using a 1 mm path length quartz cuvette (Hellma, Germany) at 20°C and 90°C following which the spectra were blanked using buffer only spectra. Finally, the TDS was measured as the difference between absorbance at 20°C and 90°C. The data was normalized to the maximum TDS value to obtain the normalized TDS.
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8

Thermal Denaturation of Proteins

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Thermal denaturation studies were carried out using
a JASCO UV-660 UV/Vis spectrophotometer where the temperature was
controlled by a programmable Peltier-type (ETCS-761) temperature controller
interfaced with a personal computer. Then, 4 μM protein solution
was heated at a rate of 1 °C/min from 20 to 85 °C by placing
the cuvette in the cell holder attached to the Peltier-type temperature
controller. The protein solution was heated to a temperature just
a few degrees above the temperature where complete denaturation was
achieved and then cooled back to 25 °C. This was done to check
the reversibility of thermal denaturation curves. The optical properties
were measured again and compared with those of the native protein.
Each measurement was carried out at least three times, and the baseline
was corrected by the buffer in question.
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9

Characterization of Organic Polymers

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Melting points were measured by a Büchi M-560 apparatus. HRMS spectra were recorded on a Bruker ESI microTOF II instrument. 1H, 13C, 2D-COSY, and -HMQC NMR spectra (400 or 100 MHz) were measured in CDCl3 containing tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard with an ECX400 NMR spectrometer. UV/vis spectra were measured in a quartz cell (1 cm path length) by recording on a JASCO V-650 spectrometer equipped with an ETCS-761 temperature controller. Fluorescence spectra were measured in the same cell using a JASCO FP-8500 spectrophotometer equipped with an ETC-815 temperature controller. Fluorescence lifetime decays were observed in the same cell by a Hamamatsu Quantaurus-Tau single-photon-counting instrument fitted with an LED excitation light (340 nm). IR spectra were measured on a JASCO FT/IR-4700 spectrometer. The molecular weights of the PTs were determined using polystyrene standards through an analytical GPC with a TOSOH TSKgel α-4000 column (condition: 40 °C, 0.5 mL min−1, DMF).
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10

UV Melting Experiments of Oligonucleotides

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UV melting experiments
were carried out on a Jasco V-630 spectrometer equipped with a programmable
temperature-control unit (Jasco ETCS-761) using a 0.1 cm quartz cell
unless otherwise noted. The melting temperatures (Tms) were determined from the maximum in the first derivatives
of the melting curves (absorbance at 260 nm against temperature, 0.5
°C/min). Oligonucleotides were diluted at a final concentration
of 10 μM in aqueous buffers.
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