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16 protocols using colivelin

1

Colivelin Enhances Dry Eye Treatment

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The PBLs were isolated from the dry eye model rabbits and cocultured with 100 ng/mL rTβ4 in the presence of irradiated pLGECs for 72 hours. rTβ4 concentration used for in vitro experiment was chosen according to our preliminary experiments (Supplementary Fig. S3). Colivelin (sc-361153, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. Dallas, TX, USA) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, stored in 1.5-mL sterile plastic tubes at −20°C, thawed, and used on the day of the experiment at a final concentration of 0.5 µM based on previous studies.27 (link),28 (link)
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2

Evaluating NF-κB and STAT3 Pathway Modulation

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The cDNA encoding the protein ZP05614546.1 was cloned in 3xFlag (C-term) pCMV vector. Transfection was performed using transfectin™ Lipid reagent (Bio-Rad) in opti-MEM® medium (Gibco, Life Technologies) in different epithelial cells, namely HEK293T, HT29, and TLR4/MD2/CD14 stably-transfected HEK293T (Invivogen). Different concentrations of cDNA, depending on the considered plasmid, were used: 0.8 ng.μL−1 of the plasmid MAM, the plasmid containing cDNA of Carma1 and their empty equivalents, 0.08 ng.μL−1 of the NF-κB reporter plasmid and 0.2 pg.μL−1 of the Renilla luciferase control reporter vector. For HEK293T-TLR4/MD2/CD14, activation of the NF-κB pathway was performed by administration of LPS 100 ng.mL−1 (Sigma-Aldrich). Positive control of inhibition of NF-κB pathway was obtained with SN50 50μM (Enzo Life Sciences). NF-κB reporter assay was carried out, after 24h incubation, using Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay system (Promega). In the same manner, MAM activity on STAT3 pathway, activated by colivelin 0.1 nM (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), was evaluated.
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3

Evaluation of Esculetin and STAT3 Modulators in Laryngeal Cancer

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Human laryngeal cancer cell lines Hep-2, TU-212, and M4e, and human tubular epithelial cell line HK2 were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA USA). The Hep-2, TU-212, and HK2 cells were cultured in RPMI Medium 1640 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), and M4e cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Gibco; Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Cells were cultured in a 37°C incubator containing 5% CO2. When growth was in logarithmic phase, cells were seeded onto 96-well plates for further study.
Esculetin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (99.99% purity) as 100 mM stock solution, and cisplatin was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. STAT3 inhibitor C188-9 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA) and the STAT3 activator colivelin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). In an in vitro study, Esc, C188-9, and cisplatin were serially diluted with RPMI Medium 1640 triple and triple. Final working concentrations were 0.0457, 0.1369, 0.4120, 1.229, 3.700, 11.10, and 33.29 μM and the highest working concentration was 100 μM.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of CYT-Rx20

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CYT-Rx20 was synthesized by methods that have been previously described [11 (link)]. Chemotherapeutic agents used in this study included 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) (Mayne Pharma Pty Ltd, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia). SC79 was purchased from Tocris Biosciences (Bristol, UK). Colivelin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Antibodies recognizing AKT, phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), caspase 9, Cdc25C, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (Asp214) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Cyclin B1, phospho-p85 (Tyr 467), phospho-Akt (Ser473), p85, STAT3, ZO-1, ZEB1, Snail, and β-actin antibodies were purchased from GeneTex (Irvin, CA). Slug antibody was obtained from ThermoFisher (Wilmington, DE). Caspase 3 and caspase 8 antibodies were purchased from Novus (Irvin, CA). Antibodies against phospho-p21 (Thr145), N-cadherin and α-tubulin were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Ki-67 antibody was obtained from Biorbyt (Riverside, UK). Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
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5

Tα1 Regulates Tumor Cell Signaling

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Tα1 was generously provided by Dr Qinghua Zhou (West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China). Tα1 powder was dissolved in the standard solvent mannitol and used for cell treatment immediately. Colivelin (# sc-361153) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA), and LY294002 (# S1105) was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Colivelin and LY294002 were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), stored in 1.5 mL sterile plastic tubes at −20°C, thawed, and used on the day of the experiment.
The antibodies used in this study include PD-L1 (# 13684; Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA, USA), phospho-rylated-STAT3 (Tyr705) (p-STAT3; # 9145; Cell Signaling Technology), STAT3 (# 9139; Cell Signaling Technology), MMP2 (# 4022; Cell Signaling Technology), MMP9 (# 2270; Cell Signaling Technology), β-actin (AF0003; Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), and PCNA (# 13110; Cell Signaling Technology).
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6

Osteosarcoma Cell Manipulation and Ferroptosis Regulation

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The human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and U2OS) and osteoblast cells (hFOB1.19) were obtained from Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China), and cultured in DMEM medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) containing 10% FBS, 1% streptomycin/penicillin at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. siRNA targeting FANCD2 (si-FANCD2) and si-NC were purchased from RiboBio (Shanghai, China). According to the instructions of manufacturer, si-FANCD2 or si-NC were transfected with osteosarcoma cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent (Invitrogen) at 37 °C for 48 h. For ferroptosis induction or inhibition, U2OS cells (1 × 106 cells) were further treated with Erastin (10 µΜ, Selleck, Houston, TX, USA) or Fer-1(60 nM, Selleck) for 24 h, respectively. For JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation, cells were treated with colivelin (1 nM, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) for 24 h.
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7

JNK and STAT3 Modulators in BMDMs

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SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), Stattic (a STAT3 inhibitor) and Anisomycin (a JNK activator) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Colivelin, a STAT3 activator, was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). BMDMs were treated with different inhibitors and activators alone or with dioscin, then were analysed by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot.
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8

STAT3 Inhibitor and Activator Protocol

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RNase R was purchased from Epicentre (Farmingdale, NY, USA), actinomycin D purchased from RayStarBio (HangZhou, Zhejiang, China) was used to assess the half-life. The specific STAT3 small-molecule inhibitor C188–9 was obtained from StemMed, Ltd. (Monmouth, NJ, USA). And the STAT3 activator colivelin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-361,153). The primary antibodies including anti-p-STAT3 (#9145), anti-STAT3 (#9139), anti-EZH2 (#5246), anti-GAPDH (#2118) and anti-Ki-67 (#9449) were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
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9

Signaling Pathway Analysis Protocol

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Cell culture materials, including Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and Hyclone Laboratories, Inc. (Logan, UT, USA), respectively. Antibodies specifically for β-actin, Akt, and p38 were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Antibodies specific for phosphorylated ERK 1/2, JNK 1/2, Akt, STAT3, and JAK 1/2/3, as well as ERK 1/2, JNK 1/2, STAT3, and JAK 1/2/3, were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Human uPA siRNA (s10610) and negative-control siRNA (4390844) were purchased from Applied Biosystems Instruments (Foster City, CA, USA). The Human Protease Assay Kit was acquired from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). L48H37 and the inhibitor of STAT3 (C188-9) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The activator of STAT3 (colivelin) was bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
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10

Cervical Cancer Cell Line Culture

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Human cervical cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were purchased from the cell bank of Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Shanghai, China). The cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 100 U/mL of penicillin and 100 µg/mL of streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scien tific) in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Indirubin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (San Francisco, CA, USA). Colivelin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-361153, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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