Prisma mr system

Two runs of fMRI were recorded with a 3 Tesla Siemens PRISMA MR-system (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), using a 64-channel head coil. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals were acquired using a multi-band accelerated T2*-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence (multi-band acceleration factor 2, repetition time (TR) = 2000 ms, echo time (TE) = 30 ms, flip angle = 80°, field of view (FoV) = 220 mm, voxel size = 2.2 × 2.2 × 2.2 mm, no gap). Per volume, 66 slices covering the whole brain, tilted by ~15° in z-direction relative to the anterior–posterior commissure plane were acquired in interleaved order. The first five volumes of the functional imaging time series were automatically discarded to allow for T1 saturation. After each run, a B₀ magnitude and phase map was acquired to estimate field maps and B₀ field distortion during preprocessing (TR = 660 ms, TE 1 = 4.92 ms, TE 2 = 7.38 ms, flip angle = 60°, FoV = 220 mm). Additionally, before the PRE choice-induced revaluation fMRI-RS run, a high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted anatomical map (TR = 2500 ms, TE = 2.82 ms, FoV = 256 mm, flip angle = 7°, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm, 192 slices) covering the whole brain was obtained using a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence. This scan was used as anatomical reference to the EPI data during the registration procedure.

Participants were scanned without sedation during natural sleep using the feed-and-wrap protocol^{50 (link)}. Infants were fed, bundled with multiple levels of ear protection, and immobilized in an MRI-safe vacuum swaddle. Heart rate and O₂ saturation were continuously monitored during all scans. The scans were performed using a 3 T Siemens (Erlangen, Germany) Prisma MR system with a 32-channel parallel receiver head coil. Functional runs were acquired using a multiband T2*-sensitive gradient-recalled, single-shot echo-planar imaging pulse sequence (TR = 1 s, TE = 31 ms, FoV = 185 mm, flip angle 62°, multiband = 4, matrix size 92 × 92). Each volume consisted of 60 slices parallel to the bi-commissural plane (slice thickness 2 mm, no gap). We collected 4–5 functional runs, each comprised of 360 volumes. Each neonate had on average 11.6 min (SD = 1.34) of usable functional data with an average frame-to-frame displacement of 0.03 (SD = 0.02, Min: 0.01, Max: 0.10). High-resolution T1-and T2-weighted 3D anatomical scans were acquired using an MPRAGE sequence (TR = 2400 ms, TE = 1.18 ms, flip angle = 8°, thickness = 1 mm, in-plane resolution = 1 mm × 1 mm, matrix size = 256 × 256) and a SPACE sequence (TR = 3200 ms, TE = 449 ms, thickness = 1 mm, in-plane resolution = 1 mm × 1 mm, matrix size = 256 × 256).