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6 protocols using sr12813

1

Macrophage Polarization Modulated by NR Agonists

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THP-1 monocytes were cultured in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and 1% antibiotic–antimycotic (100×), and differentiated into macrophages with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 72 hours, and then recovered in fresh media for 48 hours. To perform the functional assays, THP-1-derived macrophages were pre-treated with the respective NR agonists/antagonists for 15 min, and then polarized to M2 macrophages with 25 ng/ml IL4 and 25 ng/ml IL13 for 48 hours to promote IL10 production. The supernatants were collected and the amount of IL10 in the supernatants were measured using the Human IL10 ELISA MAX (Biolegend) kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. NR agonists/antagonists: NR1I2 agonist SR12813 (Tocris), NR1I2 antagonist SPA70 (Axon), RXR agonist Bexarotene (Tocris), RXR antagonist HX531 (Sigma Aldrich), and VDR agonist Ercalcitriol (Tocris). Each experimental condition was tested in quadruplicate and the experiment was performed twice.
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2

Assessing Nuclear Receptor Activation

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DMSO and 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). CITCO was provided by ENZO Life Sciences (Lörrach, Germany). Rifampicin was purchased from Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). SR12813 and T0901317 were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Minimum essential medium (MEM), Dulbecco‘s modified Eagle‘s medium (DMEM), William’s E medium, and Trypsin-EDTA solution were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). L-glutamine, nonessential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, and penicillin–streptomycin mixture were provided by Biozym (Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France). Oligonucleotide primers were provided by Biomers (Ulm, Germany). TaqMan probes were purchased from Applied Biosystems (Waltham, MA, USA).
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3

Compound 100 Synthesis and Characterization

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DMSO was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Rifampicin and SR12813 were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Compound 100 was synthesized in house [42 (link)]. Minimum essential medium (MEM) and Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). L–glutamine and penicillin-streptomycin mixture were provided by Biozym (Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France).
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4

Preparation of Compound Stock Solutions

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TNC, EE2, E2 and CC were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. SR12813 was purchased from Tocris Bioscience. The provenance of compounds used for medium-throughput screening is described in Supplementary Table 1. All compound stock solutions were prepared at 10 mM in DMSO.
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5

Compound Stock Preparation Protocol

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SR12813 and CD3254 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. All of the other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All compound stock solutions were prepared at 10 mM in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
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6

Modulation of IL10 Production in M2 Macrophages

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THP-1 monocytes were cultured in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.05 mM 2mercaptoethanol, and 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100X), and differentiated into macrophages with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 72 hours, and then recovered in fresh media for 48 hours. To perform the functional assays, THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with the respective NR agonists/antagonists for 15 minutes, and then polarized to M2 macrophages with 25 ng/ml IL4 and 25 ng/ml IL13 for 48 hours to promote IL10 production. The supernatants were collected and the amount of IL10 in the supernatants were measured using the Human IL10 ELISA MAX (Biolegend) kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. NR agonists/antagonists: NR1I2 agonist SR12813 (Tocris), NR1I2 antagonist SPA70 (Axon), RXR agonist Bexarotene (Tocris), RXR antagonist HX531 (Sigma Aldrich), and VDR agonist Ercalcitriol (Tocris).
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