Mouse echocardiography was performed at the Washington University Mouse Cardiovascular Phenotyping Core facility using a Vevo 2100 Imaging System (FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc.) and MS700 or MS550 probes. Postnatal day (P) 5 or 10 mice were weighed, anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, and then placed on a heated stage under a heat lamp. 2D and M-mode short axis images of the LV were obtained, as well as 2D and continuous wave Doppler flow images of the aortic arch. LV dimensions and aortic arch velocities were obtained using edge detection software and standard techniques14 (link).
Ms550
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Canada
The MS550 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It serves as a mass spectrometer, a device used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of samples. The MS550 provides precise measurements and data on the molecular structure of various substances.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Vevo 2100, by Fujifilm (10 mentions)
Ms250, by Fujifilm (5 mentions)
Vevo 2100 ultrasound imaging system, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Aquasonic, by Parker Laboratories (2 mentions)
Vevo 2100 imaging system, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ms 400, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevo imaging station, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Micromarker, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Aquasonic 100, by Parker Laboratories (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Zoetis (1 mentions)
Vevo 2100 high resolution ultrasound device, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevolab software, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevo 2100 high, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevo lazr, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevo 2100 ultrasound, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Vevolab analysis package, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
20 protocols using ms550
1
Echocardiography of Postnatal Mouse Hearts
2
Cardiovascular and Splenic Vascular Assessment in Mice
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Mice were shaved and Veet was used to ensure complete hair removal, allowing for adequate ultrasonographic quality. Mice were then anesthetized using continuous 3% isoflurane inhalation and placed on warming movable station where each limb was taped to the station to allow heart rate monitoring. A rectal probe was inserted for temperature monitoring and temperature was maintained between 36 °C and 38.5 °C. Ultrasonography was performed using a MS400 or MS550 transducer and the VEVO 2100 (FujiFilm VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada). M-mode acquisition was obtained ensuring the visualization of the papillary muscles for consistency of depth the slice. Quantification was performed by left ventricular trace to provide heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction and fractional shortening. For the splenic artery measurement, the position of the mice remained the same or repositioned in a right lateral decubitus in difficult identification of splenic anatomy and vascularity. As such, heart rate and temperature were not actively monitored during this part of the experiment. The spleen was identified under B-mode imaging, and doppler was used to identify the splenic artery. Peak flow velocity and heart rate was sampled and quantified as recommended by FujiFilm VisualSonics consultant.
3
Cardiac Morphology and Function Evaluation
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The cardiac morphology and function were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography using a high-frequency and high-resolution echocardiography system (Vevo 2100, FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, Canada) equipped with a 40- MHz ultrasound probe (MS550, FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, Canada) in conscious mice as described previously [27 (link)]. In stressed animals, the echocardiogram was performed the day after the last day of the entire stress period in a different room/context. An experienced cardiologist and an echocardiography expert blinded to experimental groups performed all measurements. More details are described in Supplemental information.
4
Abdominal Aorta Plaque Quantification via High-Frequency Ultrasound
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Abdominal high-frequency ultrasound (hfUS) examination was performed after 8 (Study day 56; T56) and 12 (T84) weeks, to monitor plaque development in the abdominal aorta of all mice, using a high-resolution imaging system (Vevo 2100, FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc.). Briefly, mice were anesthetized with a 2% isoflurane-oxygen mixture in an isoflurane induction chamber, positioned in the right lateral recumbency on a clinical examination table and placed on a heating platform to reduce procedural stress and prevent hypothermia. After trichotomy, the abdomen was covered with acoustic coupling gel and B-mode of the abdominal aorta was obtained with a higher frequency (22 MHz) probe (MS550, FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc.). Longitudinal and transverse sections of the abdominal aorta were obtained, placing the probe on the left dorsal plane and the ultrasound beam as perpendicular as possible (orthogonal) to the long axis of the vessels. Plaque area (%) was measured using ImageJ Software on three representative acquired images for each animal, and expressed as the mean value ± SD on n = 6 mice per group.
5
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function
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As previously performed in our laboratory [19 (link)] serial echocardiograms were conducted prior to thyroid hormone intervention and after four weeks. Briefly, mice were initially sedated with 3% isoflurane in O2 at a flow of 1 LPM and placed in a supine position at which time the isoflurane is reduced to 1.5% administered via a small nose cone. ECG leads were placed for simultaneous ECG monitoring during image acquisition. Echocardiographic images were performed with a Vevo 2100 machine using a MS250 or MS550 transducer (VisualSonics, Inc., Toronto, Canada). M-Mode measurements at the midpapillary level of the left ventricle (LV) were performed at end-diastole (LVEDD) and end-systole (LVESD) to determine LV function via the fractional shortening [(LVEDD-LVESD)/LVEDD * 100] in a parasternal short axis mode for at least three heart beats. The investigators performing and interpreting the echocardiograms were blinded to the treatments. (n = 6–9 animals/sex/treatment).
6
Measuring Aortic Intima-Media Thickness
7
Ultrasound Imaging of Tumor Vascularization
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Mice were anesthetized by isoflurane in medical air (3% isoflurane for inducing the anethesia, 1.5% to maintain it) and were positioned in prone position on a heating pad (VEVO imaging station, Visualsonics, Canada and THM150, Indus Instruments, United States) allowing realtime physiologic monitoring of each animal (Temperature, ECG, Respiratory frequency). The skin at the tumor site was depilated using a depilatory cream (Veet). Ultrasound imaging was performed with a high resolution ultrasound system dedicated to small animals (VEVO2100, Visualsonics), using a high-resolution probe (MS550, 40 MHz center frequency) for measuring anatomic dimensions and a lower resolution probe (MS250, 18 MHz central frequency) allowing non-linear imaging of ultrasound contrast agent. Tail vein was first catheterized, the probe was positioned in sagittal view and then rotated along the central axis of the probe, to image the largest diameter of the tumor. Then acquisition of a 2D image sequence in nonlinear mode was triggered, and 50 µl of ultrasound contrast agent suspension (Micromarker, Visualsonics) containing 5.109 microbubbles was injected through the venous catheter, and 90s video loops showing contrast enhancement were stored.
8
Echocardiography Assessment of Cardiac Function
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Conventional echocardiography was performed in anesthetized mice using a Vevo 2100 high resolution ultrasound device (Visualsonics, Toronto, Canada) with a 40 MHz probe (MS-550). Mice were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane in air for induction and maintained with 1.5%. Mice were depilated in the thoracic region and placed in the supine position on a dedicated heating platform, allowing monitoring of ECG, temperature and respiratory frequency. All acquisitions were performed within body temperature limits 36-37.5 °C. Parasternal long axis views were recorded and 3 consecutive measurements in M-mode were drawn to determine left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), interventricular septum (IVS), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) in both end diastole (d) and end systole (s). LV fractional shortening (M-Mode) was calculated with the following equation: 100 * ((LVID;d - LVID;s) / LVID;d), LV mass was calculated as: (1.053 x ((LVID;d + LVPW;d + IVS;d)3 - LVID;d3)) x 0.8. Ejection Fraction (B-Mode) was calculated as [(telediastolic volume - telesystolic volume) / telediastolic volume].
9
Ultrasound Imaging for Depot Visualization
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Ultrasound imaging was performed in rats (n = 3) to verify injection placement using a high frequency preclinical ultrasound (VisualSonics Vevo 2100) paired with a MS550 linear array transducer (center frequency of 40 MHz). To facilitate non-invasive visualization of the depot in skin, animals were anesthetized using Isoflurane (Zoetis Inc. Kalamazoo, MI) at an approximate 1.5 % concentration supplied by medical air through a vaporizer. They were positioned supine on a heated imaging platform (VSI, Toronto, Canada) equipped with integrated temperature sensor and ECG electrodes for monitoring heart and respiratory rate. Prior to any injections or imaging, the skin surface was cleared of hair using a #50 A5 clipper blade. Immediately after the injection, acoustic gel (Aquasonic 100, Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ) was applied to the skin between the transducer surface to facilitate ultrasound transmission. The transducer was positioned free-hand over the injection site to acquire various B-mode images of the region of interest.
10
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function in Rats
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Transthoracic echocardiography using a high-resolution ultrasound system (Vevo 2100; VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) assessed cardiac function and morphology in anesthetized rats (1-3% isoflurane, 100% oxygen). We used a 40-MHz linear array transducer (MS550, VisualSonics) in young animals (< 200g) and subsequently a 21-MHz linear array transducer (MS250, VisualSonics). During the echocardiography, body temperature was maintained at 37°C and ECG monitoring ensured physiological heart rate (> 350 bpm).
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