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5 protocols using hplc grade formic acid

1

Analytical Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

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Water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) was purchased from Honeywell. HPLC-grade ammonium acetate, acetone, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Isopropanol and HPLC-grade formic acid were purchased from VWR. Standard mixtures of C12–C14 alkyl (ethyl benzyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride (61% AEB-12, 25% AEB-14; ≥98.0%) and benzalkonium chloride 10% solution (1.79% BAC-10, 67.83% BAC-12, 24.6% BAC-14, 4.54% BAC-16, 1.24% BAC-18) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. An individual BAC-10 standard was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. An additional proprietary compound (X), best described as a hydroxylated QAC containing a long-chained hydrocarbon and an inorganic component, was obtained from the manufacturer and included in testing.
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2

Extraction and HPLC Analysis of Lawsone

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Ethanol, chloroform, acetic acid, HPLC-grade formic acid, and mEthanol were purchased from VWR (Milan, Italy). HPLC-grade water (18 mΩ) was obtained by a Mill-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Burlington, MA, USA). Standard lawsone (purity 97%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
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3

Metabolomic Analysis Workflow Development

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile, chloroform, isopropanol and methanol were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) while HPLC-grade formic acid was commercially obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Doubleionized water was freshly prepared using a Milli-Q water-purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Deuterated cholic acid (2,2,4,4-d4) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA).
L-alanine, ammonium formate, L-aspartic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid (FA 20:1), galactose, glucose, glutamic acid, L-glycine, L-isoleucine, 2-isopropylmalic acid, L-leucine, Lmethionine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, ornithine, proline, palmitic acid (FA 16:0), L-serine, stearic acid (FA 18:0), threonine, tyrosine, and L-valine were commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and pyridine were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). 1palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC (16:0/18:1)) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE (16:0/18:1)) were commercially obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA).
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4

Solvents for Analytical Procedures

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Technical grade acetone was purchased from VWR (Haasrode, Belgium). Analytical grade acetone, analytical grade methanol, HPLC gradient grade acetonitrile, HPLC gradient grade methanol, HPLC grade phosphoric acid, HPLC grade formic acid and LC-MS grade formic acid were purchased from VWR International (Fontenay-Sous-Bois, Paris, France). HPLC grade n-otanol and LC-MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Aa grade ethanol (≥99.5%) was purchased from Altia OyJ (Helsinki, Finland). Ultra-pure type I water was purified with Merck Millipore Synergy UV system.
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5

Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Cell Cultures

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Hexane, acetone, and Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, and gelatin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade formic acid and methanol were purchased from VWR (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade water (18 mΩ) was obtained by a Mill-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
H2O2 was purchased from Farmac-Zabban S.p.a. (Calderara di Reno, BO, Italy). Medium 199 (M199), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin solution, L-glutamine, and HEPES buffer were supplied by Hospira S.r.l. (Naples, Italy).
4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolium]-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (WST-1 assay), was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany), 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′, 7′-dichloro-di-hydro-fluorescein diacetate, and acetyl ester (CM − -H2DCFDA) were supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).
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