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Xradia ultra 810

Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in United States, Germany

The Xradia Ultra 810 is a high-resolution X-ray microscope designed for non-destructive 3D imaging and analysis. The system utilizes advanced X-ray optics to achieve sub-micrometer spatial resolution, allowing for detailed visualization of internal structures and features without the need for sample preparation or sectioning.

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8 protocols using xradia ultra 810

1

Multi-Scale X-ray CT Imaging of Turnigy Cells

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Using material extracted from the same Turnigy cell imaged in the synchrotron, tomographic reconstructions of varying sample size and resolution were produced using lab-based X-ray CT systems (Zeiss Xradia Versa 520 and Zeiss Xradia Ultra 810, Carl Zeiss XRM, Pleasanton, CA, USA). The specific imaging properties for each scan are provided as ESI. † Materials were imaged with a pixel resolution of 63.1 nm (Zeiss Xradia Ultra 810), 0.36 mm (Zeiss Xradia Versa 520) and 7.92 mm (Zeiss Xradia Versa 520). The X-ray CT system (Zeiss Xradia Ultra 810) which achieved a resolution of 63.1 nm uses a chromium target with an accelerating voltage of 35 kV and tube current of 25 mA. The characteristic spectrum from the Cr target is quasimonochromatic around 5.4 keV. The CT system used for the remaining scans (Zeiss Xradia Versa 520) had a characteristic spectrum from a tungsten target; the accelerating voltage and tube current are user defined and determine the peak intensity of the bremsstrahlung and photon flux. The accelerating voltage and tube current were chosen based on the X-ray absorption coefficients of the samples. The transmission images from all scans were reconstructed using a commercial software package (Zeiss XMReconstructor), which uses an algorithm based on standard filtered back-projection.
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2

Nanotomographic analysis of microspheres

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Nanotomographic acquisitions were conducted on a ZEISS Xradia Ultra
810 (source voltage of 80 kV, 10 W source power) with the use of a
Zernik phase plate. Prior to the nano-XCT scanning, the sample, constituted
of a few agglomerated microspheres, was fixed on a flattened needle
tip with a total thickness (needle and spheres) of less than 200 μm.
A total of 721 radiographs were taken during a total scan time of
24 h, with a pixel size of 64 × 64 nm and a field of view of
65 × 65 μm. The reconstructed volume is a cube with 65 μm
length sides, allowing the extraction of around 15 spheres from this
limited-size cube. AVIZO 8.0 (FEI), which is commercial software specializing
in 3D image processing, quantification, visualization, and image-based
modeling, was used to process and quantify morphological features.
A 3D conditional median filter with a 3 × 3 kernel size was used
to reduce noise. A global thresholding technique based on a local
gray-scale gradient was used to extract the material’s phase
corresponding to microspheres. Segmentation was performed using phase
contrast based fringes. For the purpose of this study, shell thickness,
thickness variation, sphere connectivity, and sphere shape were the
features of interest.
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3

Nano-CT Imaging of S-Composite Coatings

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The S-composite coated on the stainless steel pins were scraped onto a fine needle to obtain a sample of ca. 65 μm in diameter. The ex-situ X-ray absorption contrast nano-tomography scan was performed with a lab nano-CT instrument (Xradia Ultra 810, Carl Zeiss Inc.) utilizing a micro-focus rotating anode X-ray source (MicroMax-007HF, Rigaku) with the tube voltage set at 35 kV and current at 25 mA. In large field-of-view mode, pixel binning of 2 was set on the 1024 × 1024 px CCD detector, resulting in a pixel size of ca. 126 nm and a field-of-view of ca. 65 μm. The improved resolution of the nano-CT provided information about the carbon binder domain, not otherwise elucidated by in-situ X-ray micro-CT.
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4

Multimodal X-ray CT Protocol for Microstructural Analysis

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Nanoscale X-ray CT data was acquired on a Zeiss Xradia Ultra 810 instrument. One series of projections was acquired in ‘large field of view’ mode with a 60 s exposure time, 721 projections and a pixel size of 64 nm. Another series of projections was acquired in ‘high resolution’ mode with a 200 s exposure time, 601 projections and a pixel size of 32 nm. The two series were reconstructed with a filtered back projection reconstruction and subsequently combined into a single volume, with the higher resolution data replacing the relevant volume in the lower resolution data. All visualisation and thresholding was performed in the Avizo software package (version 9.0).
The angles between the grain boundaries and the macro-crack were calculated by aligning a slice with the planes of the different boundaries, taking the normal of this aligned slice, and then computing the dot-product with the direction along the axis of the cylinder.
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5

High-Resolution Nano-CT Imaging Protocol

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High-resolution imaging was performed using a nano-CT (Zeiss Xradia Ultra 810), which operates at a constant X-ray photon energy of 5.4 keV (monochromatic, no beam-hardening artifacts) with parallel beam geometry (no cone-beam artifacts) and a rotating chromium anode. The minimum voxel size in high-resolution mode is 16 nm. For the experiments, absorption contrast imaging in large field of view mode (minimum voxel size 64 nm) was used. Image reconstruction was performed by means of the software Zeiss XMReconstructor (Version 10.0.3878.16108).
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6

Detailed X-ray CT Imaging of Gyroid and 3D-Printed Structures

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X-ray CT was performed using two scanners, both accessed at the UCL Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory. To image-dried gyroid samples, a ZEISS Xradia Versa 620 (Pleasanton, USA) with a tungsten target was used, achieving a pixel size of 5 µm for whole sample scans and 2 µm when performing interior tomography [34 (link)]. A primary accelerating voltage of 40 keV and a power rating of 3 W over 2401 projections were acquired for each dried sample at a 14 s exposure time, with each scan taking 12 h.
When visualizing the internal porosity inside of the 3D-printed sample, a ZEISS Xradia Ultra 810 with a chromium target was used at a fixed accelerating voltage of 35 keV [35 (link), 36 (link)]. A piece of printed material was cut to dimensions of 1 mm and adhered atop a pinhead for imaging, as displayed in Fig. 1b. A pixel size of 63 nm was achieved for “Large Field Of View” mode and 16 nm using “High Resolution” mode. A 50 s exposure time was applied to acquire 1601 projections per sample, with each scan taking 24 h.

X-ray CT imaging setup. a Three mounted gyroids before whole-body scanning. b 3D-printed material cut-out adhered to the top of a pinhead and sample holder. c Magnified image of the interface between sample (left) and sample-holding pinhead (right)

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7

Characterization of Hybrid Carbon Fiber

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The cross‐sections of the fibers were prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) of FEI‐Helios SEM. The microstructures of the cross‐sections of the fibers were observed by HR‐TEM (FEI‐Titan Cubed 60–300) and XRM (ZEISS Xradia 810 Ultra). The electrical conductivity was measured using the four‐point probe method with a probe station (MST‐4000A, MS Tech). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using a Q50 (TA Instruments) at a heating rate of 10 °C min–1 under an air atmosphere. The G/D ratios of CNTs, GOs, and G‐CNT fibers were measured by Raman spectroscopy (InVia Reflex, Renishaw) with 514 nm excitation wavelengths. Hybrid fibers’ oxidation state and carbon‐to‐oxygen atomic ratio were analyzed using an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS, Thermo Scientific K‐Alpha).
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8

Tomography Analysis of Carbon Fiber Structures

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Tomograms of pristine and the densified samples were acquired on small cylindrical pillars (≈50–100 µm diameter), prepared as discussed elsewhere.[67 (link)
] The tomograms were acquired using a Zeiss Xradia 810 Ultra (Carl Zeiss, Germany) instrument with a fixed Xray source energy of 5.4 keV. To maximize contrast between the lowly attenuating carbon phase and the background air, Zernike phase contrast imaging was employed[68
] which provided a visual enhancement at the fiber edges. In both cases, binning 1 was used, giving an isotropic voxel dimension of 63 nm in large field‐of‐view (FOV) mode (65 µm FOV). For the as‐spun pristine sample, the exposure time was 64 s and the number of projections 1001. For the denser, slightly larger sample, an increased number of projections (1601) was used to minimize reconstruction artefacts and an exposure time of 30 s gave a total scan time of 15 h.
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