Epichlorohydrin ech

DGEBA, having an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of 170.21 g eq⁻¹, (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as the main base of epoxy resin in the formulated mixture. Hyperbranched epoxy resin was synthesized and characterized via FTIR and NMR techniques. The results are shown in Figures S1 and S2, respectively. The chemical for the synthesis: BPA (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as an aromatic monomer, and was purified via recrystallization using toluene before use. PEG400, Mw = 400 g/mol, (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as an aliphatic monomer. Epichlorohydrin (ECH), (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as an epoxidation reagent. PE (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as a branch generating unit and was recrystallized with ethanol before use. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a base catalyst and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Ajax Finechem, Sydney, Australia. Hydrobromic acid (HBr), acetic acid, potassium acid phthalate, methyl violet, and chlorobenzene (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were used to determine the epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) following the standard test methods (ASTM D 1652) [23 ]. Triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as a photoinitiator.

Microcrystalline Avicel^® PH-101 cellulose was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was dried at 80 °C under vacuum for 12 h before use. N-Butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (>99%) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Silver oxide (99%) and activated charcoal powder were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan). Epichlorohydrin (ECH) (>99%) and tetramethylsilane (99%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆ (DMSO-d₆) (99.9% D) was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Unless otherwise specified, reagents and chemicals were used as received without further purification.