Osteopontin

FlexiGene^® DNA Kits (ID# 51206) for DNA extraction from blood were purchased from QIAGEN Inc. (Germantown, MD, USA). Calbindin, clusterin, KIM-1, GST-P1, IL-18, MCP-1, albumin, B2M, cystatin C, NGAL, osteopontin, and TFF3 assays (Bio-Plex Pro RBM human kidney toxicity assay panels 1 and 2) were purchased from Bio-Rad, Life Science (Hercules, CA, USA).

In total, 43 human soluble factors were measured in the culture media harvested from three independent proliferation assays using a 37-parameter Bio-Plex™ Human Inflammation Panel including IL-27(p28), gp130/sIL-6Rβ, IL-34, IL-22, sIL-6Rα, IFN-α2, IFNγ, IL-26, MMP-2, IL-12(p40), IL-19, IL-20, IL-29(IFN-λ1), IL-35, IL-32, BAFF/TNFSF13B, IL-2, IL-11, APRIL/TNFSF13B, MMP-1, IFN-β, MMP-3, sCD163, Pentraxin-3, LIGHT/TNFSF14, TSLP, sCD30/TNFSF8, IL-8, IL-10, TWEAK/TNFSF12, Osteocalcin, IL-28A/(IFN-λ2), sTNF-R2, chitinase-3-like1, sTNF-R1, IL12(p70), and Osteopontin (Bio-Rad) and a 13-parameter LEGENDplex™ Human Anti-Virus Response Panel consisting of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10 (CXCL10), IFN-λ1(IL-29), IL-8, IL12(p70), IFN-α2, IFN-λ2/3(IL28-A/B), GM-CSF, IFN-β, IL-10, and IFNγ (Biolegend), according to manufacturers' protocol. The overlapping factors between the two kits were adjusted. Levels of human soluble M-CSF were determined by ELISA (R&D systems). Concentrations of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in sera of treated or control mice were analyzed by a Legendplex assay (Biolegend).