Butein

The H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line was purchased from ATCC (n° CRL-1446, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 1 mM pyruvate and 4.5 g/L glucose (Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France) and supplemented with 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France), and 10% FBS (Corning, Glendale, AZ, USA) at 37 °C under 5% CO₂/95% air. Severe ER stress was induced by TN treatment at 10 µg/mL (Tocris, Bristol, UK). EX-527 Sirtuin-1 inhibitor was used at 5 µM (Tocris, Bristol, UK). Its IC50 value was determined using the in vitro Fluor de Lys deacetylation assay and a purified human SIRT1 range from 38 to 150 nM. Berberine, Catechin, Ferulic Acid, Malvidin, Tyrosol, and Resveratrol were purchased from Merck-Sigma (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Butein, Isoliquiritigenin, Piceatannol, and Pterostilbene were purchased from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All phenolic phytochemicals were diluted in DMSO.

Butein and DHDM were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and Indofine Chemical Company (Hillsborough, NJ, USA), US, respectively. Butein was kept in the freezer while DHDM was kept at room temperature