Metformin

OBHS was designed and synthesized by our team, and the synthesis process has been described in previous publications [17 (link)]. Metformin (98%, Reagent grade) and 2-DG (98%, Reagent grade) were purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and then stored at −80 °C. Insulin was purchased from Sigma. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), low glucose DMEM, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, L15 (Leibovitz’s), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, and penicillin/streptomycin were obtained from Gibco (New York, NY, USA). DMEM/F-12 with no phenol red was purchased from HyClone Proteins (Logan, UT, USA). Hieff Trans Liposomal Transfection Reagent and DH5α chemically competent cells were purchased from Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

The H9C2 cells were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd (Cat. No.: CL-0089; Wuhan, China). The Metformin was purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Cat. No.: B25331; Shanghai, China). The A-769662 was purchased from MedChemExpress LLC (Cat. No.: 844499-71-4; Shanghai, China). The H9C2 cells were divided into three groups: control (CON) group, high glucose (HG) group, and IH+HG group. The H9C2 cells were seeded in 24-well plates. The H9C2 cells were used to induce DCM in vitro under the HG condition. We cultured the H9C2 cells with 30mM of HG for 48 h. The IH+HG group was cultured in the hypoxic chamber of IH cells, and the oxygen concentration in the hypoxic chamber was cycled between 21%-1%, 10 min/cycle, and cultured for 48h.

Two tmexCD1-toprJ1 positive K. pneumoniae (RGT9-1, RGF15-2-1) and one tet(A) mutant positive K. pneumoniae RGF131 were isolated from swine faeces in 2020 by our lab. All the isolates mediate high level resistance to tigecycline (TIG) with the MIC value over than 16 µg/mL. The TIG, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, gentamicin, and metformin were purchased from Yuanye Biological Technology Company (Shanghai, China). Other fluorescence probes and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).