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8 protocols using anti il 17

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inflammatory Markers

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Slices with 4 µm thickness were arranged on silanized slides (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA), deparaffinized in a 60°C chamber, sequentially hydrated in passages through xylol, absolute alcohol, 70% alcohol, and distilled water. The avidin-biotin peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex method was used for sample staining. Tissue samples were immersed in 1 mM citrate buffer, PH 6.0, blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide, and incubated with primary antibodies (polyclonal rabbit anti-iNOS, anti-Nrf2, anti-T-bet, and anti-IL17, diluted 1:100—Santa Cruz, CA) for 1 h. Next, samples were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibodies for 30 min and the avidin-biotin complex for an additional 30 min. Samples were stained by addition of the diaminobenzidine chromogen (DAB) substrate for ∼1 min. The negative control were carried out by omitting incubation with primary antibodies. Tissue sections were examined by light microscopy (400×), and 10 photomicrographs were collected per section (Zeiss Axiostar, Zeiss, Germany).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of ICAM-1 and IL-17

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Aortic tissues were homogenized in cold lysis buffer (10 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1% SDS). Protein concentration was measured by the bicinchoninic acid method (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Homogenate samples were run on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and stained with Coomassie blue. Gel images were scanned and quantified as described below, to adjust for equal loading. After correction of protein concentrations, equal amounts of protein were run on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The blots were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in PBS-T (80 mM Na2HPO4, 20 mM NaH2PO4, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20 pH 7.5) for 30 min at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibody (anti-ICAM-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA, USA) or anti-IL-17 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). After washing, the blots were incubated at room temperature for 1 h with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (Cell Signaling Technology) diluted 1:5000 in blocking solution. Antibody binding was visualized using the enhanced chemiluminescence system (Amersham Bioscience, Buckinghamshire, UK). Specific bands were scanned and quantified using the Quantity One software (Bio-Rad).
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3

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Cytokines and Immune Markers

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For the immunohistochemical evaluation, the following antibodies were used: anti-IL-4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:600), anti-IL-5 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:100), anti-IL-10 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:500), anti-IL-13 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:700), anti-IL-17 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:800), anti-CD4+ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:25), anti-CD8+ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:50), anti-MMP-9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:500) and anti-TIMP-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA; 1:100).Immunohistochemistry was performed with the following sequence of procedures: antigenic recovery, endogenous peroxidase blockade and nonspecific binding blockade, incubation with the primary antibody, incubation with the secondary antibody and complex, counterstaining and assembly of the blades. The count was determined as described above for the evaluation of eosinophil density.
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4

Intrathecal Administration of RvD2, CXCL1, and IL-17

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RvD2 (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in 2% ethanol (vehicle) for i.t. and i.v. injection. Recombinant CXCL1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), recombinant IL-17 (ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd., Rehovot, Israel) and a neutralizing antibody against IL-17 (anti-IL-17, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) were dissolved in a vehicle (10% DMSO) for i.t. administration. We selected all the dosages of drugs based on the published literature [18 (link),26 (link),27 (link)]. The intrathecal injection was performed in sevoflurane (induction = 3.0%; maintenance = 1.5%; Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) anesthetized mice, and drugs were administered by a lumbar puncture between the L4 and L5 vertebrae through a 30 G needle [28 (link)], while 5 μL of the reagent was delivered following detection of a reflexive tail flick.
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5

Histological Analysis of Inflammatory Markers

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Joints of each mouse were fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified in 10% EDTA, and embedded in paraffin wax. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), safranin O, and toluidine blue to detect proteoglycans. For immunohistochemistry, the sections were performed using the Vectastain ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) [12 (link)]. Inflammation was scored according to criteria previously reported. [13 ]. Tissues were stained anti-receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), anti-receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), anti-TNF-α, anti-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), anti-IL-17, and anti-IL-6 (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.) and anti-phosphorylated(p) STAT3 (Y705), anti-pSTAT3 (S727), and anti-pAMPK anti-pmTOR (all from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA).
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6

Kidney Immune Protein Expression Analysis

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The RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3, and IL-10 protein levels were measured via western blotting (n = 5 per group). Total proteins were extracted from the kidney tissue using a complete radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer, and protein levels were measured using a bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany). A total of 100 μg of protein was separated and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Then, the primary antibodies anti-RORγt, anti-IL-17, anti-Foxp3, anti-IL-10 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA) and anti-actin (Cell Signaling Technology) were incubated with the membranes at 4 °C overnight, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit/mouse IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as the secondary antibody. Protein levels were semiquantitatively determined based on the optical density using ImageJ software and are expressed as the protein/actin ratio. Sample quantification was performed twice.
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7

Macrophage Immunofluorescence in Pulpitis

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Immunofluorescence staining of paraffin-embedded macrophages from pulpitis and healthy pulp were performed as described previously (14 (link)). By means of washing, deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen unmasking were carried out for the cells. Samples were then immersed in blocking buffer for 60 mins; and primary antibodies Anti-CD4 and Anti-IL-17 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) were applied for 2 hrs at room temperature. After washing, FITC- and PE-labeled secondary antibodies were added for 1 hr. Then the macrophages from pulpitis were stimulated with HMGB1 for 12 hrs, and then they were incubated with Anti-human IL-17 antibody for 2 hrs at room temperature. After washing, the PE-labeled secondary antibody (PE-labeled Anti-human IgG) was added and re-incubated for another hr. Sections were viewed with a fluorescent [or fluorescing] microscope (Olympus, Japan) and calculated using the Image J software.
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8

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cell Signaling Pathways

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Briefly, cancer tissues or cells were homogenized and lysed with RIPA lysis buffer. Protein concentration was determined and 40 μg protein per lane was separated by 12% SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto a poly (vinylidene difluoride) membrane (GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany). Then, nonspecific binding was blocked by incubating with 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 1 h. The transferred proteins were incubated overnight at 4°C with various primary antibodies followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 hour. Primary antibodies like anti-IL-17 (1:800), anti-VCAM-1 (1:1000), anti-NF-κB (p65) (1:900), anti-phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) (1:900), anti-Stat3 (1:900), anti-p-Stat3 (1:900) provided by Santa Cruz Biotech were used in this study. After extensive washes with Tween-Tris-buffered saline, the signals on the membrane were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (GE Healthcare). Β-actin was used as internal reference.
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