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4 protocols using ma5 28211

1

Western Blot Analysis of Kidney Injury

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The cells or kidney tissues were lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (Servicebio, China), and protein concentration was detected by bicinchoninic acid assay kits (Beyotime, China). Proteins were separated using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). The membranes were then sealed with NcmBlot blocking buffer (NCM Biotech) for 15 min and incubated overnight at 4 ℃ with primary antibodies against Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1, 1:1000, MA5-28211, Invitrogen), Collagen 1 (1:1000, sc-59,722, Santa Cruz), α-SMA (1:1000, sc-53,142, Santa Cruz), Tfam (1:1000, ab272885, Abcam), COX IV; (1:5000,11242-1-AP, Proteintech), Sirt1 (1:1000, ab110304, Abcam), PGC1α (1:5000, 66369-1-Ig, Proteintech), or β-actin (1:10000, sc-47,778, Santa Cruz). After incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG (1:3000, Cell Signaling, USA) for 1 h at room temperature, the blots were detected with the chemiluminescence advanced system (GE Healthcare).
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2

Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

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For immunohistochemistry staining, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections were incubated with primary antibodies against MTCO1 (ab14705, Abcam), CD68 (ab955, Abcam), or CD3 (ab16669, Abcam) and then analyzed using streptavidin peroxidase detection system (Maixin) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) (Maixin) was used as a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–specific substrate. For immunofluorescence staining, formaldehyde-fixed cells or kidney sections were performed with primary antibodies against RFP (ab62341, Abcam), CD63 (sc5275, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), IL-10 (ab9969, Abcam), KIM-1 (MA5-28211, Invitrogen), CD68 (ab955, Abcam), iNOS (ab15323, Abcam), CD206 (ab64693, Abcam), and CD3 (ab16669, Abcam), followed by incubation with secondary antibodies. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. Immunostained samples were visualized under a confocal microscope (FV1000, Olympus).
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3

Kidney Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence

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For immunohistochemistry analysis, the paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded kidney sections were incubated with primary antibodies to CD3 (ab16669, Abcam) or CD68 (ab955, Abcam), overnight at 4 °C. Then, the reaction was monitored with an ultrasensitive streptavidin peroxidase detection system (Maixin), which contained secondary goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibody. The sections were then counterstained with hematoxylin. Immunofluorescence staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed kidney sections were performed with primary antibody against KIM-1 (MA5-28211, Invitrogen), followed by incubation with a secondary antibody. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. Immunostained sections were visualized under a confocal microscope (FV1000, Olympus).
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4

Renal Tissue Analysis: PAS Staining and Immunohistochemistry

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Renal tissues were used for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The tubular injury was semiquantitatively scored as follows 28 (link): 0, no damage; 1, <25%; 2, 25~50%; 3, 50~75%; 4, >75%. The tubular injury score was calculated as the average score from 10 random sections. For immunohistochemistry staining, 4-μm-thick renal tissue sections were performed with primary antibodies against CD68 (ab955, Abcam), or CD3 (ab16669, Abcam) and analyzed using streptavidin peroxidase detection system (Maixin) as instructing by the protocols. For immunofluorescence analysis, tissue sections were incubated with primary antibodies against kidney injury molecular-1 (KIM-1; MA5-28211, Invitrogen), Ki-67(ab15580, Abcam), and p-H3 (ab14955, Abcam), followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (ab150114 and ab150077, Abcam). The proximal tubules were labeled by Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL, FL-1321, vector labs) 29 (link),30 (link). The number of positive tubules and cells was counted under a confocal microscope in ten random fields per mouse in a blinded manner.
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