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Hek293 cell

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, Switzerland, United Kingdom

HEK293 cells are a well-established immortalized cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells. These cells are commonly used in various research applications, including gene expression studies, protein production, and virus propagation.

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217 protocols using hek293 cell

1

Epigenetic Regulation by EZH2 Inhibitors

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Pfeiffer were obtained from ATCC. HEK293 cells were obtained from Thermo Scientific. Pfeiffer cells, were cultured in RPMI 1460 (Life Technologies, 22400105). HEK293 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, 11965118). Culture media were supplemented with 10% of FBS (Life Technologies, 26140129).
Antibodies for immuno-blotting: EZH2 (CST, #5246), Histone H3 (CST, #4499), Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methyl 2(CST, #9728), Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methyl 3(CST, #9733). Antibody Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methyl 1 (EMD Millipore, #07–448). Anti-rabbit secondary antibody stored in 50% glycerol (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories, Inc., 205–035-108). GSK 126 and EPZ-6438 were purchased from AdooQ and Xcess Biosciences, respectively. Compounds were dissolved to 10 mM in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
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2

Transfection of Cell Lines with siRNAs and Plasmids

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All cell lines, including HEK293 and KGN cells, were purchased from Shanghai Jihe Biotechnology Co., LTD (Shanghai, China). The HEK293 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The KGN cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco). All the cell lines were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37 °C and with 5% CO2 in a humidified atmosphere. CircLRRC8A siRNA (si-circLRRC8A), EIF4A3-specific siRNA, miR-125a-3p mimics, anti-miR-125a-3p, si-NFE2L1 and their negative controls siRNA (si-NC) were purchased from Gene Pharma (Shanghai, China). CircLRRC8A-specific over-expression plasmid and negative control plasmid were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China). HEK293 cells and KGN cells were seeded in a six-well plate with a density of 1 × 106 cells, incubated overnight, were then transfected with the related reagents using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) as the manufacturer’s instruction.
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3

MTT Assay for Epsilon Toxin Cytotoxicity

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To assess the cytotoxic effects of recombinant epsilon toxin, MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out. HEK293 cells (ATCC # CRL-1573), the human embryonic kidney cells, were obtained from Pasteur institute cell bank (Tehran, Iran). HEK293 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 (Gibco, USA) containing 1% penicillin/ streptomycin (Gibco, USA) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA) at 37°C and 5% CO
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. After reaching 80% confluency, HEK293 cells were detached using Trypsin/EDTA (Gibco, USA) and 8000 cells were harvested in each well of 96-well plate containing RPMI1640 containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 10% FBS. After overnight incubation at 37°C and 5% CO
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, the cells treated with 0.97, 1.95, 3.90, 7.80, 15.62, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, 325, 500, 1000, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 4000 μg/mL epsilon toxin for 24h at 37°C and 5% CO
2
. After that, the medium was exchanged with the 200 μL RPMI1640 containing 20 μL MTT solution (5 mg/mL) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and incubated for 4 h at 37°C and 5% CO
2
. Then, the medium was replaced with 100 μL dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and the optical density of each well was recorded at 570 nm using a microtiter plate reader (Biorad, USA). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was tested as the negative control. All tests were triplicated and analyzed three times.
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4

Engineered Cell Lines for TRP Channel Studies

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HEK-293 cells (ATCC; Rockville, MD) were engineered to stably over-express human TRPV3 (in pcDNA3.1 D V5/His-TOPO) and other human TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4), as previously described (Deering-Rice et al., 2011 (link)). HEK-293 cells were grown in DMEM:F12 (Invitrogen; Carlsbad, CA) containing 5% FBS and 1X penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen; Carlsbad, CA). HEK-293 cells stably over-expressing the various TRP channels were maintained in DMEM:F12 supplemented with 5% FBS, 1X penicillin/streptomycin, and 350 μg/ml Geneticin (Invitrogen). Cells were sub-cultured using trypsin and plated into 1% gelatin-coated 96- or 384-well plates for calcium imaging experiments. Human immortalized keratinocytes, HaCaT cells, were provided by Dr. Douglas Grossman M.D., Ph.D. of the Department of Dermatology, University of Utah. HaCaT cells were cultured in DMEM containing 5% FBS and 1X penicillin/streptomycin/glutamine. Cells were sub-cultured using trypsin and plated into 96-well plates for experiments.
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5

Role of ECL2 in GPR21 Activation

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To investigate the role of ECL2 in the activation of GPR21, three GPR21 mutants were generated. The residues 169–178 (immersed region of ECL2), residues 179–188 (cap region of ECL2), and residues 169–187 (the whole ECL2) were replaced by a flexible GS linker (GGSGGS), respectively. Wild‐type GPR21 and GPR21 mutants were cloned into pCDNA3.1 vector and expressed in HEK293 cells (Invitrogen). Plasmids were transfected in HEK293 cells using lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen). cAMP accumulation was performed using HTRF cAMP kit (Cisbio Bioassays) following the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, HEK293 cells were seeded into 384‐well plates. Then, 5 μl of cAMP‐d2 reagent and 5 μl of cAMP Eu‐cryptate antibody were added to each well. After incubation at room temperature for 1 h, fluorescence was measured using a microplate reader (Envision 2105, PerkinElmer) with excitation at 330 nm and emission at 620 and 665 nm. cAMP accumulation was calculated from a standard dose–response curve using GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software). The cAMP levels of GPR21 mutants were normalized to that of wild‐type GPR21 (100% level).
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6

Detailed Cell Culture Protocols for Diverse Tumor Models

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B16F10, EMT6, and 4T1 were purchased from ATCC. 4T1-GFP-Luc (4T1-Luc) cells were generated by transfection of the 4T1 cell line with pGreenFire lentiviral vector (System Biosciences). Apigmented B16F10 cells were generated by deleting tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2), henceforth B16F10-TRP2 knockout (KO) (18 (link)). MC38 cells were a gift from J. Schlom (National Cancer Institute). Tumor cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific). HEK293 cells purchased from Life Technologies were cultured in Freestyle medium (Life Technologies). Cells isolated from the spleen or blood of B6 mice were cultured in RPMI-1640 (ATCC) with 10% FBS, 20 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.05 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Life Technologies), 100 units/ml penicillin (Life Technologies), 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Life Technologies), 2 mM L-alanyl,-L-glutamine (Life Technologies), and 1x minimal essential medium (Corning) non-essential amino acids. CTLL-2 cells purchased from ATCC were cultured in the same medium with 10% T cell culture supplement with concanavalin A (T-STIM with ConA, Corning). All cells and cell assays were maintained at 37°C and 5% CO2. All cell lines were tested for mycoplasma contamination, and none tested positive.
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7

Cell Culture Maintenance Protocol

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Vero cells (ATCC number CCL-81) were maintained at 37°C/5 % CO2 in minimal essential medium (Life Technologies) with 7 % heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies), 1 % penicillin/streptomycin (PS; 5000 U.ml−1 and 5000 μg.ml−1; Life Technologies) and 1% Glutamine (Gln; 200 mmol.l−1; Life Technologies). HEK-293 cells (ATCC number CCL-1573) were maintained at 37°C/ 5 % CO2 in the same medium supplemented with 1 % non-essential amino acids (Life Technologies).
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8

Allelic Regulation of Genetic Variants

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DNA sequences (0.3kb) surrounding rs2275675 or rs10911339 were PCR amplified using genomic DNA from homozygous subjects for the C-allele (rs2275675) and the T-allele (rs10911339) using following primers:rs2275675, 5′-GGGGTACCGTAGAAAGAAAAGCAGAAC-3′ (forward) and 5′-GAAGATCTGAGACCTGCACCAATAAG-3′ (reverse); rs10911339, 5′-GGGGTACCGGTATGGGTGCCTAGC-3′ (forward) and 5′-GAAGATCTCCAGGTGTGCAGACTTC-3′ (reverse). The PCR products were digested using restriction enzymes, inserted into pGL3-promoter luciferase vector (Promega), and mutated to generate the respective other allele using Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene). All construct inserts were sequenced for orientation and authenticity.
HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney cell line) and Raji B cells were purchased from ATCC. HEK-293 cells were seeded on 24-well plates at 2×105 cells/well and transiently transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies) with 1 μg rs2275675 vector (C or T), rs10911339 vector (C or T) or empty vector (pGL3-promoter) and 100 ng pRL-SV40 vector (Renilla luciferase) as an internal control. Raji cells were seeded on 24-well plates at 2×106 cells/well and electroporated with 5μg luciferase constructs and 100 ng Renilla control vector using nucleofector (Amaxa). Luciferase activity in cell lysates was measured after 24 hours using a dual luciferase reporter assay (Promega).
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9

Transient Transfection of Cell Lines

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C6, HeLa, and HEK293 cells (all purchased from DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), as well as HEK293 cells stably transfected with human PS1 or PS1D246A mutant constructs (kindly provided by Dr. Jochen Walter, University of Bonn), were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and 100 units ml‐1 penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were tested for mycoplasma by indirect DNA stain using Hoechst 33342 (Sigma‐Aldrich). The identity of the cells was verified by the provider by multiplex PCR of minisatellite markers for HeLa and HEK293 cells. The rat origin of C6 cells was verified by PCR by the provider. Plasmids were transiently transfected using Lipofectamine LTX (Thermo Fisher) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. For siRNA knockdown of BACE1 (Life Technologies, siRNA ID# 105154) and ADAM17 (Life Technologies, siRNA ID# 112004), HEK293 cells were transfected first with siRNA duplexes on day 1, followed by transfection of the pcDNA3.1‐mPD‐L1‐myc plasmid on day 2 using Lipofectamine 3000 (Life Technologies) for both transfections.
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10

Isolation and Culture of Rat SCG Neurons

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Experiments were performed on cultured SCG neurons from 4-weeks old male Wistar rats. Animal procedures were approved by the Universidad de Colima ethics and biosecurity committee. Briefly, rats were decapitated under anesthesia and the ganglia were removed and placed in a Ca2+-free Hank´s solution (37°C) containing papain (20 U/ml). Thereafter, papain was replaced by a mixture of collagenase I (1.6 mg/ml) and dispase II (5 mg/ml). Mechanically dissociated cells were suspended twice in DMEM, centrifuged and plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass chips. Cells were incubated at 37°C (5% CO2) with DMEM supplemented with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). For other experiments, HEK-293 cells (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 5% FBS in the incubator and passaged every 3 days. Cells were transiently co-transfected with rat Kv2.1 and GFP cDNA, with lipofectin according to the manufacture’s recommendations. The next day, cells were plated onto the glass chips and GFP-positive cells were recorded 8–24 hrs later on.
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