The porosities of scaffolds were determined using the ethanol replacement method. The microstructures of the scaffolds were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Philips XL30, Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The scaffolds were fractured after snap-freezing, sputter-coated with gold, and observed at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. For characterizing the distribution and exposure degrees of HA in PLGA matrix, it was analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) (XL-30W/TMP, Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Rectangular bars of 30 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm in dry and wet state were chosen for mechanical strength tests measured by a universal testing machine (Instron 1121, Norwood, MA, USA). The compressive strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. The stress histogram was obtained to determine mechanical properties. Three replicates were tested for the wet and dry conditions (n = 3).
Xl 30w tmp
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in Japan
The XL-30W/TMP is a laboratory equipment manufactured by Philips. It is a high-performance vacuum pump system designed for use in various scientific and industrial applications. The XL-30W/TMP provides reliable and efficient vacuum generation to support the operation of other lab equipment and processes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Xl30 feg, by Philips (3 mentions)
Escalab 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Win ir spectrometer, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions)
Xl30 esem feg, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tecnai g2 s twin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tga 500, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Multimode 5 afm, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Dimension icon, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ftir 2000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Xl30 esem feg, by Philips (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Philips (1 mentions)
7 protocols using xl 30w tmp
1
Scaffold Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation
2
Characterizing PEEK Substrate Micromorphology
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The surface micromorphology of PEEK substrates was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, XL30 FEG, Philips). All PEEK substrates were sputter-coated with gold in advance. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX, XL-30 W/TMP, Philips, Japan) was used to further determine the elemental composition of PEEK substrates.
3
Fracture Analysis of PLLA Composites
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The surface and impact fractures of PLLA, n-HAP/PLLA and g-HAP/PLLA composites were observed by an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM, XL30 FEG, Philips) connected to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (XL30W/TMP, Philips). X-ray intensities for calcium, phosphorus were analyzed across the fracture surfaces.
4
Characterization of Gadolinium Phosphate Nanostructures
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The crystal phase was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker Co., Bremen, Germany) on a D8 Advance diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 Å). The morphology, structure and size of the samples were determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; Philips XL30 ESEM FEG, Japan) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; FEI Tecnai G2 S-Twin, München, Germany). The elemental compositions were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray energy spectrometry (EDX; Philips, XL-30 W/TMP, Konan, Japan). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR, Bio-Rad Win-IR Spectrometer, Watford, UK) was recorded in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode and the KBr slice method. Atom force microscopy (AFM) images were acquired by Bruker’s Dimension Icon and Multimode-V AFM. The amounts of GdPO4·H2O, GdPO4·H2O@SiO2, GdPO4·H2O@SiO2–APS, and PBLG-g-GdPO4·H2O were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, TA Instruments TGA500, New Castle, DE, USA) in air at a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 25 °C to 800 °C.
5
Characterization of PEEK Film Microstructure
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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, Bio-Rad Win-IR Spectrometer, Watford, UK) spectra were recorded using the KBr slice method. An environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM, XL30 FEG, Philips) was used to observe the microstructure of PEEK films. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) (XL-30W/TMP, Philips, Japan) was employed to analyze the elemental composition. For each sample, the size of 200 pores from five different SEM images were measured using Image J software to calculate micro-pore size distribution. N2 adsorption desorption measurements were carried out at 77K to characterize meso-pore properties. The specific surface areas of the samples were calculated by the BET (Brumauer - Emmett - Teller) method with N2 adsorption data.
6
Comprehensive Characterization of PLLA Composites
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The chemical structure was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR; PerkinElmer, FTIR-2000). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Thermo ESCALAB 250) was utilised to detect the SD/PLLA composites. The morphology of all the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Philips XL30 ESEM FEG, Japan), and the elemental composition of the samples was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray energy spectrometry (EDX; Philips, XL-30 W/TMP, Japan). The diameter distribution of the PLLA melt spinning fibre was analysed by NIH ImageJ software (national institutes of health). The mechanical properties of the PLLA fibre were acquired using a universal mechanical testing machine (Instron 1121, UK). The water contact angle was measured by a contact angle system (VCA 2000, AST).
7
Characterization of Nanofiber Scaffolds
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The different nanofibre scaffolds were coated with gold, and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM, XL 30 ESEM-FEG, FEI). The average diameter of the fibres was determined from that of 100 fibers by imaging and analysis with Image J software. The static water contact angle was used to evaluate the surface wettability of the nanofibre scaffolds using a Kruss GmbH DSA 100 Mk 2 goniometer. X-ray diffraction (XRD, D8 ADVANCE, Germany) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Philips, XL-30W/TMP, Japan) were used to detect GO and HA in the nanofibre scaffolds. To investigate the mechanical properties, strips of different nanofibre scaffolds of width × initial length = 10 × 30 mm were tested with a universal mechanical testing machine (Instron 1121, UK).
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