Cinhal

A large-scale search was conducted in three electronic databases- CINHAL (EBSCO), Medline (Ovid), and EMBASE (Ovid) using the specified search strategy without any restrictions on publication date (i.e. from the time of inception to present) and study type. Further, reference lists of all articles identified from the electronic databases were screened and a manual search was performed for previous systematic reviews. The initial search was conducted from 5 March 2019 and then updated on 12 August 2020. The studies were restricted to English language publications.

Database searches were conducted from date of inception to June 2015, and updated in August 2016 and in April 2017. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE in Process (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Wiley Online Library) and CINHAL (EBSCO). Trial registers (ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched for published and ongoing trials, references of previous systematic reviews were searched and experts in the field were contacted in order to identify any new studies.
The search strategy is presented in Additional file 1. Suicide, study design and communication/interaction terms were combined using Boolean logic (AND, OR) and specific tested filters were used for study design (The InterTASC Information Specialists’ Sub-Group filters). Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms were also used. EndNote X7.0.2 software was used to manage searches and references.

The following electronic databases were searched from inception to 8^th December 2017: Medline (Ovid), Medline (Pubmed); Embase (Ovid), CINHAL (EbscoHost), CENTRAL (Cochrane Wiley), PSYCInfo (Ovid), SportsDiscus (EbscoHost), and AMED (EbscoHost), including a grey literature search engine (http://www.greylit.org/about). References within the included studies were manually searched and forward citation tracking of the included papers was performed using SCOPUS. Medical subject headings and keywords to the following terms of pain, electromyography, synergy, and humans were used and tailored for each search engine (S1 Table). The search string was developed in consultation with co-author D.F. who has 15 years of experience in neuromuscular physiology in MSK disorders. Citations from the search engines were exported into EndNote (version X8.1, Clarivate Analytics) referencing software.

Eligible studies will be identified through a systematic comprehensive search of the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINHAL (Ebsco), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness), LILACS, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S), as well as Dissertations & Theses at University of Toronto and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Since some interventions started to be used in the 1990s, a database search from 1989 onward is considered sufficient. PROSPERO repository will also be searched for all active or completed systematic reviews. Electronic database searches will be supplemented with consultations with authors of unpublished studies, inspection of reference lists of relevant articles, and hand searching of pertinent journals.

An initial limited search of Prospero, MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycInfo (Ovid), was undertaken to identify articles on the topic using the following initial keywords: Oesophageal cancer OR Stomach cancer AND quality of life OR social functioning OR psychological functioning AND advanced OR incurable. The text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles, and the index terms used to describe the articles were used to develop a full search strategy. The finalised search strategy (Supplementary Material 2) was then applied to the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINHAL (EBSCO), PsycInfo (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid). The search strategy, including all identified keywords and index terms was adapted for each included information source. Manual searches were also conducted by examining the reference lists of the included studies and identified reviews and performing citation searches on key articles. Searches were performed on 12th May 2020 and subsequently re-performed on the 6^{th of} July 2022 to include articles published since the initial search until present day. The time frame for the literature search was from database inception to present-day to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature was achieved.