Omyacarb

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), derived from natural resources, was obtained from 2003D NatureWorks (Minnetonka, MN, USA). The product grade was suitable for thermoforming and extrusion processes and contained 3% d-lactic acid units (melt flow index (MFI): 6 g/10 min (210 °C, 2.16 kg); nominal average molar mass: 200,000 g/mol).
The plasticizer acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich S.R.L (Milan, Italy).
The calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) OMYACARB^® was an inert filler supplied by the company OMYA (Oftringen, Switzerland). The powder had fine granulometry with particle size distribution centered at 12 μm.
Dried potato pulp powder (PPP) was produced by the company SüdStärke (Schrobenhausen, Germany). The moisture content was about 3 wt%, and the composition of the dry matter was as follows: proteins 7 wt%, starch 25 wt%, cellulose 16 wt%, hemicellulose 7 wt%, lignin 20 wt%, pectin 17 wt%, and ash 5 wt%.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) derived from natural resources, was 2003D NatureWorks (Minnetonka, MN, USA), grade for thermoforming and extrusion processes, which contains 3% of d-lactic acid units melt flow index (MFI): 6 g/10 min (210 °C, 2.16 kg), nominal average molar mass: 200,000 g/mol.
The plasticizer acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich S.R.L (Milan, Italy).
The calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) OMYACARB^® was an inert filler supplied by the company OMYA (Oftringen, Switzerland). The powder, which has fine granulometry, with particle size distribution centered at 12 μm, is used to facilitate the removal injection molded specimen from the mold.
The dried potato pulp powder (PPP) was produced by the company (SüdStärke, Schrobenhausen, Germany). The moisture content was about 3 wt.%, and the composition of the dry matter: proteins 7 wt.%, starch 25 wt.%, cellulose 16 wt.%, hemicellulose 7 wt.%, lignin 20 wt.%, pectin 17 wt.%, ash 5 wt.%.
Commercial wax-based additives Aquacer 561, Aquacer 581, and Aquacer 593 were provided by BYK Additives & Instruments (Wesel, Germany). They are (i) non-ionic aqueous emulsions of bee wax (Aquacer 591), (ii) non-ionic aqueous emulsions of carnauba wax (Aquacer 581), and (iii) non-ionic aqueous emulsion of a modified polypropylene wax (Aquacer 593).