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9 protocols using cary 100 series

1

Affibody-Enzymes Fluorescent Labeling

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The affibody-enzymes (N23BP-CodA and WT-CodA) were conjugated to 1:10 molar excess NHS-AlexaFluor 488 (Thermo Fisher) and the pH-sensitive NHS-pHAb (Promega) in separate tubes for 2 h at RT in the dark in PBS. The mixtures were then transferred to a 20k MWCO dialysis cups (Thermo Fisher) and excess dye was removed by dialysis. After 36 h dialysis, the degree of labeling for both the dye-conjugated affibody fusions were calculated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Agilent Technologies, Cary Series 100), by using the absorbance at 545 nm for the endotracker pHAb and 495 nm for AF488 as compared to the absorbance at 280 nm for both affibody-fusions.
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2

Enzymatic Assay for CodA Variants

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The enzymatic assay for N23BP-CodA, WT-CodA, and CodA were performed by varying substrate concentration and measuring the absorbance using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Cary Series 100). A stock of 10 mM cytosine was prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5. Varying concentrations (250, 200, 150 and 100 μM) of cytosine solution were prepared from the stock and mixed with 50 nM of the enzyme and enzyme-affibodies. The reaction was run for 15 min with OD267 (cytosine) and OD260 (uracil) readings taken every 12 s. The concentration of cytosine was calculated for each time point and the kinetic parameters KM and kcat were calculated using the methods of initial rates and double reciprocal plots.
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3

Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection

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All the chemicals were of AR grade. For the fabrication of electrodes: black carbon conductive ink and silver conductive ink paste was purchased from SNAB GRAPHIX (Bengaluru, INDIA) PVT Ltd. For the preparation of PBS: NaCl, KCl, Na2HPO4, and KH2PO4 were purchased from LOBA. Bilirubin, Bilirubin Oxidase, Potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferrocyanide were purchased from MTOR Lifescience pvt ltd. For Artificial serum: NaCl, KCL, NaHCO3, NaH2PO4, CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2HPO4 were used. To synthesize Nanoparticles (silver): Silver nitrate (Qualigens, Mumbai, India), ethanol, sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Borohydride were used of AR grade.
Metrohm Dropsens (Stat-I 400s, Metrohm AG, Herisau, Switzerland) was utilized for electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Silver nanoparticle morphology was inspected via Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on Talos L120C (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). UV-Vis absorbance was measured using Agilent technologies, Cary100 series, and UV-Vis spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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4

Curcumin Release from LISG/Curcumin Film

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The release rate of curcumin from LISG/curcumin film was determined as described by Kang et al. (2018). The films were cut with dye cutting press (2 × 2 cm) and then immersed in ethanol solution (5 ml). 2.5 ml of the solution was taken at various time intervals (0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hr) and the absorbance was read at 428 nm using a UV‐vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 100 Series). A standard curve was plotted, and the curcumin concentration in ethanolic solution was calculated according to the standard curve.
Different models, including zero‐order diffusion, Higuchi's diffusion, and Korsmeyer's Peppas models, were employed to describe the release profile of curcumin.
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5

Comprehensive Characterization of Prepared Samples

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The morphology of the prepared samples was characterized using a FESEM-field emission scanning electron microscope (Quanta 3D FEG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms were recorded using Rigaku SmartLab XRD. Samples were characterized for optical study using a UV–Vis spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Cary 100 Series). Thin films of the samples were prepared by dissolving in ethanol for functional group study, and spectra were recorded by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR spectrometer). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on ESCA + Omicron Nano Technology with a characteristic energy of 1486.7 eV. Surface charge measurement of the samples was performed using zeta potential (Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS) using ethanol as dispersing solvent. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurement of the samples was recorded using a spectrometer (Horiba (DeltaFlex01-DD)). The intermediate and final degraded products of antibiotic degradation solution were examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) from the Xevo TQD system.
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6

Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Assay

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For all the photocatalytic tests with different synthesized materials, 5 mg of photocatalyst was dispersed in 25 mL of dye with a 25 mg/L initial concentration at pH 4.3. After 30 min of the adsorption–desorption process, 0.5 mL of H2O2 was added, and the solution was irradiated with an LED lamp of 50 W and 50 Hz (light and LED) in the visible region (Figure S4). Subsequently, aliquots were taken at different reaction times (every 15 min until the end of the degradation of the dye). These were filtered through a Millipore Millex-LCR Hydrophilic membrane with a pore diameter of 0.45 μm. Residual dye concentrations in the samples taken as a function of reaction time were analyzed on a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Cary 100 series).
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7

DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay for Antioxidant Evaluation

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DPPH activity of the samples was tested according to the earlier described assay (Lai et al., 2010) with slight modifications. The films were immersed for 5 days, and then 2 ml of the resulting solution mixed with 2 ml of methanolic solution of DPPH (150 μM). The mixture was shacked vigorously, followed by keeping in the dark for 30 min at 37ºC. Finally, the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm using a UV‐vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 100 Series). The scavenging effect was calculated as follows: Scavengingactivity(%)=A517ofthecontrolA517ofthesampleA517ofthecontrol×100.
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8

Electrochemical and Characterization Analysis of eGAD

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The electrochemical profiles of the developed eGAD were recorded using the Metrohm Dropsens (stat-I 400s) instrument purchased from Metrohm Autolab B.V., Utrecht, The Netherland. Disposable glove-based electrodes were constructed by printing carbon conductive ink, while silver paste was used for the pseudo reference electrode. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a 10 mM KCl solution containing methylene blue at an appropriate pH. To examine the surface morphology of the material, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) technology was employed, specifically the Quanta 3D FEG (FEI) model. The crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the Rigaku Smart Cu Kα X-ray (1.540 Å) instrument. UV-Vis absorbance measurements were performed using the Agilent technologies, Cary100 series, and a UV-Vis spectrometer was utilized to determine the absorbance of the nanoparticles.
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9

Comprehensive Characterization of Materials

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The materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) in an X’Pert diffractometer (Philips, Almelo, The Netherlands) using a CuKα (λ = 1.54 Å) radiation source, with a step size of 0.02° in 2θ per second in the range of 5 to 50° in 2θ, 45 kV, and 40 mA. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were determined with the KBr pellet technique, using controlled amounts of KBr (ratio of 1 mg sample to 100 mg KBr) in a Magna-IR 750 device (Thermo Nicolet, Champaign, IL, USA). Raman spectra were recorded with an inVia microscope (Renishaw, Gloucestershire, UK), using a green laser (λ = 532 nm) as the excitation line, 1% laser power, and a measurement range from 100 to 2000 cm−1. A UV–Vis spectrometer (Agilent Technologies Cary 100 series, Mulgrave, Australia) was used to measure the degradation of the dye (bandgap). The photoluminescence (PL) was recorded using a Hitachi F-7000 with the exciting wavelength at 400 nm.
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