Ten-nanometer GNPs (MKN-Au-010; MK IPEX Corp, Divn MK Nano, Canada) with a spherical shape according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used in this study. The rats were intraperitoneally administered 50 µL of the 10 nm GNPs. The GNP dose was selected according to the results obtained in our previous studies,6 (link),7 (link) where we used 10, 20, and 50 nm GNPs and demonstrated that the smallest GNPs exhibited the highest toxicity in most of the organs of the rats, which was confirmed by histological investigations. Quercetin (Qur) and arginine (Arg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). The Qur and Arg doses were 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day and 200 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, which were selected according to the previous studies.12 ,13 (link)
Arginine arg
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. It is a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide, a signaling molecule involved in vascular function and immune response. Arginine also contributes to the urea cycle, protein synthesis, and wound healing. As a lab equipment product, Arginine is used in various research and analytical applications to study its physiological and biochemical functions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin qur, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated water d2o, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions)
Galacto n biose, by Biosynth (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cysteine cys, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alanine ala, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tryptophan trp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tyrosine tyr, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Proline pro, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Agno3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using arginine arg
1
Nanoparticle Toxicity Mitigation in Rats
2
Deuterated Biochemical Reagents for Structural Studies
3
Plasma Amino Acid Analysis by HPLC
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500 uL of plasma from each animal was precipitated with ammonium sulfate up to 60%, to remove the globulin, remaining over-night in the refrigerator. After centrifugation (3400 rpm, 5 min, eppendorf), precipitates were resuspended in phosphate buffer pH = 7 and dialyzed (Tubbing MW 10,000 daltons) for the removal of the salt used. Samples were filtered in millipore 0.25 um, and 20 uL was injected into HPLC. YL-9300 UV-coupled HPLC instrument 254 nm, C18 Luna 25 cm × 4.5 mm reverse phase column, temperature 27–30 °C. Separation was done in the following mobile phase: buffer sodium acetate 10 mM in MilliQ water (A) and acetonitrile (B): 0–1 min (20% B); 1.01–1.5 min (5% B); 1.51–8 min (4% B). The flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and peaks were detected at 254 nm. All chemicals reagents used in the analysis, such as acetonitrile and acetate buffer we purchased from Sigma and Merck, (Rio de Janeiro Brazil), with high purity levels. The standards used were Kynerunin-Kyn (20 uM), Tryptophan-Trp (20 uM), Cysteine-Cys (10 mM), Arginine-Arg (10 mM), Metionine-Met (10 mM), Proline-Pro (10 mM), Valine-Val (10 mM), Alanine-Ala (10 mM), Phenilalanine-Phe (10 mM), Tyrosine-Tyr (10 mM) from Sigma and Merck. All were evaluated and separated by HPLC based on the peak at said retention time (Rt) and height peak in millivolt (mV) or concentration in uM or ug.
4
Synthesis of Arginine-Capped Silver Nanoparticles
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The silver nitrate (AgNO3), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and arginine (Arg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The AgNPs were prepared by titration of the AgNO3 solution against the reducing solution. The concentration of each reagent was 0.0618 mol/L for AgNO3 (source of silver ions), 0.1236 mol/L for Arg (reducing agent), and 0.309 mol/L for KOH (carrier). The molar ratio was 1:2:5, [AgNO3]: [Arg]: [KOH]. The reducing solution was prepared, dissolving, i.g., 0.4305 g of arginine and 0.3466 g of KOH in 20 mL of deionized water. For the silver ion solution, 0.2610 g of AgNO3 was dissolved in 25 mL of deionized water, then stirred at 90 °C. The former reducing solution was titrated with AgNO3 solution using a syringe pump at a flow rate of 10 mL/h under agitation at 90 °C. The reaction was considered complete when the color changed to dark orange.
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