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3 protocols using pyridine

1

Crude Glycerol Liquefaction and Polyurethane Foam Synthesis

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Unrefined crude glycerol (CG, GS Caltex, Seoul, Korea) consisting of 80 wt% glycerol, 12 wt% water, and other impurities was used as the liquefying solvent without further purification [18 (link)]. The co-solvent, 1,4-butanediol (BD, Daejung Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea), was used with the crude glycerol. The acid and base catalysts utilized 95% sulfuric acid (Sam-chun Co., Seoul, Korea) and sodium hydroxide beads (Daejung Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea), respectively. For the determination of the acid and hydroxyl numbers, ethanol (Daejung Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea), phthalic anhydride (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan), pyridine (Sam-chun Co., Seoul, Korea), imidazole (Daejung Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea), and standard sodium hydroxide (0.1 N and 0.5 N, Daejung Co., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) were used. To synthesize polyurethane foam, poly [(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] (PMDI, Sigma-Aldrich Co., Seoul, Korea) and a preresin mix (PIUSYS, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) were used [19 (link)]. All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade without further purification.
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2

Chlorophyll-a Extraction and Cancer Cell Assay

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Chlorophyll-a paste was
purchased from Shandong
Lanmo Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). Pyridine, dichloromethane,
acetone, hydrochloric acid (35.0–37.0%), trifluoroacetic acid,
urea, diethyl ether, and dimethyl sulfoxide were supplied by SAMCHUN
(Pyeongtaek, Korea). Silica gel powder (SL–110–60 Å)
was purchased from SK Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). 1,2-Phenylenediamine,
methylene blue (MB), and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) were purchased
from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Methylamine hydrochloride
was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sulfuric acid and
potassium hydroxide were supplied from Duksan Pure Chemical Co. (Ansan-si,
Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium, and Roswell
Park Memorial Institute 1640 Medium were supplied from GenDPOT (Barker,
TX). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and streptomycin–penicillin were
purchased from BioWest (Nuaillé, France). The cancer cell lines
(A549 and HeLa) were purchased from the Korea Cell Line Bank (Seoul,
Korea). WST-8 Cell Viability Assay Kit was supplied from Quanti-Max
(Biomax, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
and MitoSpy Orange CMTMRos were supplied from BioLegend (San Diego,
California). LysoTracker Green DND-26 was supplied from Invitrogen
(Massachusetts). All compounds are 99–98% pure by HPLC analysis.
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3

Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis

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TFDB and 6FDA were purchased from Changzhou Sunlight Pharmaceutical Corporation (Changzhou, China), and BPDA was supplied by Shanghai Gu Chuang New Chemical Materials Corporation (Shanghai, China). Ethyl alcohol, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), acetic anhydride, and pyridine were purchased from Samchun Chemicals (Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea). Commercially available FS powders, Aerosil 200 (0-FS), R974 (2-FS), R812S (3-FS), R805 (8-FS), R106 (D4-FS), and R202 (PDMS-FS), were supplied by Evonik (Essen, Germany), and their structures are shown in Figure 1.
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