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9 protocols using lc ms water

1

Derivatization of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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Acetic, butyric and propionic acids standards and the compounds used for derivatization: 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (3-NPH), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), formic acid, and pyridine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. LC-MS water and acetonitrile were provided by Fischer Scientific.
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2

MALDI-TOF MS Profiling of Vibrio cholerae

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For database entry, strains were prepared with the formic acid extraction method to ensure a high quality of spectra. Fresh colonies were picked with a 1 μL inoculation loop and placed in 300 μL of LC–MS water (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, United States). A volume of 900 μL pure ethanol (Thermo Fisher) was added to sterilize the bacteria and denature proteins. The tube was vortexed for 1 min and centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 2 min. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was centrifuged a second time to remove ethanol residues and then dried at room temperature. Pellets were dissolved into 30 μL each of 70% formic acid (Thermo Fisher) and acetonitrile (Thermo Fisher). The solution was carefully mixed by pipetting up and down and then centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 2 min. Subsequently, 1 μL of supernatant was spotted onto an MSP 96 target polished steel BC plates in eight replicates and overlaid with 1 μL HCCA (α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; Bruker, Germany) matrix solution (HCCA dissolved in 50% acetonitrile, 47.5% LC–MS water and 2.5% trifluoroacetic acid) after air-drying. All V. cholerae from Zhejiang were processed in the Zhejiang Centers for Disease Control laboratory according to the above-mentioned treatment methods and carried to our laboratory for the collection of the spectra.
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3

STS-135 Metabolism in Biological Samples

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All chemicals used for this study were of at least reagent grade. STS‐135 was obtained from Cayman Chemical. Pooled HLMs, genotyped HLMs, recombinant P450s, human brain microsomes (HBMs), and NADPH Regenerating System Solutions A and B were purchased from Corning. Human intestinal microsomes (HIMs) were purchased from Xenotech. LC/MS water, methanol, and acetic acid grade were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich or Thermo Fisher Scientific, unless specified otherwise.
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4

Preparation and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles

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The OECD-sponsored ZnO-NPs used in this study, Z-COTE (uncoated) and Z-COTE HP1 (coated with triethoxycaprylylsilane), are commercially available from BASF (Mississauga, Canada). Fine ZnO (bulk control particles, micro-sized) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2, a soluble zinc compound) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Canada). ZnO suspensions and dispersions were prepared in deionized water of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry application grade (LC/MS water, Fisher Scientific, Burlington, Canada) for primary particle analysis. Z-COTE, Z-COTE HP1, or fine-ZnO in powder form were transferred into sterile zinc-free glass tube with caps. Conditions for sonication were optimized for various times and power settings. Sonication was routinely performed with an Ultrasonic Liquid Processor (MISONIX, New York, USA) for 15 min at 30 % amplitude in a water bath while continuously cooling the samples with ice during sonication. The final energy was 76,148 J, and the power was 75–85 W. All stock dispersions were adjusted to a final concentration of 100 µg/mL, and then further diluted in either LS/MS water or appropriate medium to the desired concentration. Working dilutions were used freshly.
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5

Peptide Purification and Analysis

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The HNG peptide (Catalog No: AS-60887) was purchased from AnaSpec Inc. (Fremont, CA, US). Acetonitrile, HPLC water, LC-MS water, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Analytical grade solvents were used in all experiments.
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals

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Glutathione, lead (II) chloride, mercury (II) chloride, and ethanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Formamide, acetone and LC-MS water were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All reagents used were of analytical grade and did not necessitate additional purification prior to use.
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7

Serum Lipid Extraction for Lipidomics

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Volumes of 5 mL of blood were collected in plain vacuum blood collection tubes without additives and allowed to clot at room temperature for 30 min. Serum samples were obtained by centrifugation at 1500× g for 10 min and then stored as aliquots for analysis at −80 °C. After thawing, 345 µL of cold LC-MS methanol (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA) was added to 35 µL of serum, followed by adding 172.5 µL of HPLC chloroform (Fisher Scientific, USA), shaking for 30 s, adding 88 µL of LC-MS water (Fisher Scientific, USA), and then shaking again for 30 s. Equal volumes of chloroform and water were added (172.5 µL), followed by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. From the lower separated organic phase, 250 µL was placed into an Eppendorf tube. All samples were dried using a vacuum centrifugal evaporator (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) and stored at −80 °C until further lipidomics analysis.
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8

Quantitative LC-MS Analysis of Analytes

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The list of analytical standards of all target analytes and their deuterated analogues, along with their acronym, CAS number and supplier, can be found in Supplementary Information Tables S6 andS7, respectively. LC-MS water, methanol (MeOH), acetone, hexanes, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, HPLC grade methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE), pesticide grade isooctane, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid were all purchased from Fisher Scientific (U.S.A.).
Ultrapure water was prepared using a MilliQ water purification system purchased from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA). Oasis HLB, Oasis WAX and glass Oasis HLB glass cartridges were all purchased from Waters (MA, U.S.A.).
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9

Characterization of Th and Zr Ligand Complexes

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Data were acquired with a Xevo QTOF mass spectrometer (Waters) fitted with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Samples were introduced through a reversed phase liquid chromatography column (Poroshell 120 SB-C18, 2.7 µm, 2.1x150 mm, Agilent). The mobile phase was: A = 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in LCMS water (Fisher) and B = 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (Fisher). The gradient was: 5-55% B in 20 min, hold 5 min, back to 5% B in 0.1 min. hold 4.9 min, with a total run time of 30 min. The LC flow was set to 160 µL/min. Ligand L 1 was dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMA):water (1:1, v/v) to 5 mg/mL and further diluted to 1 mg/mL with formulation buffer. The formulation buffer composition was 30 mM citrate, 70 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 0.5 mg/mL 4-aminobenzoic acid, pH = 5.6. An aliquot of L 1 was added to an equimolar amount of Th or Zr solution and chelation was allowed for 30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was further diluted to 0.1 mg/mL with formulation buffer prior to analysis.
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