UHPLC-MS grade solvents, formic acid, and LC-MS were from Merck (Santiago, Chile). Ultrapure water was obtained from a water system of purification (Milli-Q Merck Millipore, Chile). Jack Bean urease was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Santiago, Chile). Flavonol and anthocyanin standards (ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, all standards with a high purity: 95% by HPLC) were acquired from ChromaDex (Santa Ana, CA, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, Mo, USA), or Extrasynthèse (Genay, France).
Kaempferol
Manufactured by ChromaDex
Sourced in United States
Kaempferol is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound. It is a key component found in various plant sources. Kaempferol serves as a bioanalytical standard for research and quality control purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by ChromaDex (5 mentions)
Rutin, by ChromaDex (3 mentions)
Myricetin, by ChromaDex (3 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid tfa, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by ChromaDex (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ellagic acid, by ChromaDex (1 mentions)
Cyanidin, by ChromaDex (1 mentions)
Lc ms, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Jack bean urease, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyanidin 3 o glucoside, by ChromaDex (1 mentions)
Galangin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyridoxamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 pyridoxic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Baicalein, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using kaempferol
1
UHPLC-MS Analysis of Flavonoids
2
Flavonoid Compound Sourcing for Biochemical Research
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Flavone, 7,8-DHF, 6,7-DHF, chrysin, pinocembrin, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, 7,8-dimethoxyflavone, flavonol, luteolin, and kaempferol were purchased from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). Baicalein, myricetin, quercetin, morin, galangin, apigenin, biochanin, rutin, naringenin, pyridoxamine, 4-pyridoxic acid, and 4-deoxypyridoxine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Chamomile Phytochemical Characterization
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Nineteen samples of chamomile were obtained from different manufacturers in Poland and are listed in Table 1 with their characterizations. The samples were homogenized at 20°C in a water-cooled grinder Knifetec 1095 (Foss Tecator, Höganäs, Sweden) and stored in desiccator which was protected from light.
Standards of phenolic acids—gallic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and of flavonoids—rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol were purchased from ChromaDex (California, USA). HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland) and J.T. Baker (Phillipsbusg, USA), respectively. Analytical grade ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazol radical (DPPH) were purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Redistillated water was prepared by triple distillation of water in a Destamat Bi-18 system (Heraeus Quarzglas, Hanau, Germany).
Standards of phenolic acids—gallic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and of flavonoids—rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol were purchased from ChromaDex (California, USA). HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland) and J.T. Baker (Phillipsbusg, USA), respectively. Analytical grade ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazol radical (DPPH) were purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Redistillated water was prepared by triple distillation of water in a Destamat Bi-18 system (Heraeus Quarzglas, Hanau, Germany).
4
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards of phenolic acids such as gallic (GA), chlorogenic (CGA), caffeic (CA), p-coumaric (pCA), ferulic (FA) and of flavonoids such as rutin (RUT), myricetin (M), quercetin (Q), and kaempferol (K) were purchased from ChromaDex (CA, USA). HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Glucosinolate Compound Extraction Protocol
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Glucocheirolin potassium
salt [3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl glucosinolate-K, MW = 439 + 39 Da],
rutin 3H2O (MW = 610 + 54 Da), quercetin, kaempferol, and
isorhamnetin were obtained from Chromadex, Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA).
Formic acid, hydrochloric acid (∼37%), HPLC grade methanol,
and acetonitrile were purchased from VWR International, Inc. (Clarksburg,
MD, USA). HPLC grade water was prepared from distilled water using
a Milli-Q system (Millipore Lab., Bedford, MA, USA).
salt [3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl glucosinolate-K, MW = 439 + 39 Da],
rutin 3H2O (MW = 610 + 54 Da), quercetin, kaempferol, and
isorhamnetin were obtained from Chromadex, Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA).
Formic acid, hydrochloric acid (∼37%), HPLC grade methanol,
and acetonitrile were purchased from VWR International, Inc. (Clarksburg,
MD, USA). HPLC grade water was prepared from distilled water using
a Milli-Q system (Millipore Lab., Bedford, MA, USA).
6
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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The acetonitrile and methanol were of HPLC grade and were purchased from Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). The reference compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, t-cinnamic acid, mangiferin, kaempferol, tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, irigenin, isoorientin, genistein-7-glucoside, and biochanin A) were purchased from ChromaDex (Santa Ana, CA, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA), HWI ANALYTIK GmbH, and Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
7
UPLC-based Phytochemical Profiling
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UPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical purity. Ultrapure water was prepared by w Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system. The reference compounds required for the experiment were all purchased from ChromaDex Inc. (Santa Ana, CA, USA), including eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, protocatechuate, hyperoside, oleanolic acid, kaempferol, isofraxidin, syringci acid, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, cholorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, petunidin, luteolin, apigenin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, myricitrin and catechin. The purities of these standards were higher than 98%.
8
HPLC-MS Analysis of Polyphenolic Standards
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Analytical standards of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (>98.2%), acacetin (>98.7%), apigenin (>99%), caffeic acid (>98.5%), catechin (>99%), chlorogenic acid (>99%), chrysin (>99%), daidzein (>99%), galangin (>98.5%), gallic acid (>95.5%), genistein (>99%), (-)-epicatechin (>90.3%), folic acid (>91.2%), formononetin (>99%), isovitexin (>99%), luteolin (>99.9%), myricetin (>98%), o-coumaric acid (>99.7%), p-coumaric acid (>99.6%), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (>99.9%), pantothenic acid (>98.6%), phenylacetic acid (>99.7%), rhamnetin (>99%), rutin trihydrate (>94%), quercetin (>98%), sinapic acid (>96%), syringic acid (>98.5%), trans-ferulic acid (>99.8%), vanillic acid (>98.2%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France) or Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The standard of (-)-cis, trans-abscisic acid (>99.9%) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), and kaempferol (>97%) was purchased from ChromaDex (Santa Ana, CA, USA). HPLC-MS grade acetonitrile (MeCN) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), while formic acid (FA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
9
Comprehensive Phytochemical Standard Acquisition
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UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, delphinidin, cyanidin and malvidin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (USA), petunidin and peonidin from Tokiwa Phytochemical (Japan), pelargonidin, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside from Phytolab (Germany), quercetin, kaempferol from ChromaDex (USA), and 3-O-glucoside of kaempferol from Extrasynthese (France).
10
Analytical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds
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Formic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and anhydrous sodium sulphate were purchased from J.T. Baker (Baker Mallinckrodt, Mexico), while diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), β-carotene (97%), gallic acid and rutin (94%) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The HPTLC plates Si 60 F254 (10 × 20 cm) were purchased from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The myricetin (98%), trans-ferulic acid (99%), caffeic acid (98%), and kaempferol (98%) were purchased from Chromadex (Life Technology, Bangalore, India). Solvents used for chromatography were of HPLC grade, and distilled water was obtained by a Milli-Q plus water purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA). Edoxin (cyclophosphamide injection) was procured from Apollo Pharmacy.
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