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426 protocols using spectrum two

1

Analyzing Surface Morphology of M. nitidum

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To investigate the effects of DME
extraction on solid matrixes, the
surface morphology of M. nitidum was
analyzed using SEM and FTIR. Morphology of the residue was observed
using SEM (S5200, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The
accelerating voltage was 0.5 to 30 kV, the resolution was 0.5 nm (30
kV), and the maximum magnification was ×2 000 000.
Surface functional groups were analyzed by FTIR (PerkinElmer Spectrum
Two, PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan).
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2

Lipid Extraction Verification via FTIR

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To investigate whether sufficient lipids had been extracted, FTIR spectra of the original soya powder and the extraction residue were obtained using ATR-FTIR (PerkinElmer Spectrum Two, PerkinElmer Japan K.K., Yokohama, Japan).
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3

Comprehensive Analytical Characterization

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NMR spectra were recorded using the Varian spectrometers Gemini 2000 or Unity 500 (Varian GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) δ given in ppm, J in Hz; typical experiments: APT, H-H-COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY), MS spectra were taken on a Finnigan MAT LCQ 7000 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Braunschweig, Germany) electrospray, voltage 4.1 kV, sheath gas nitrogen) instrument. The optical rotations were measured on a Perkin-Elmer polarimeter (Perkin Elmer LAS, Rodgau, Germany) or on a Jasco P-2000 polarimeter (Jasco Germany, Pfungstadt, Germany) at 20 °C; TLC was performed on NP or RP18 silica gel (Macherey-Nagel, detection with cerium molybdate or Dragendorff’s reagent). Melting points are uncorrected (Leica hot stage microscope, or BUCHI melting point M-565), and elemental analyses were performed on a Foss-Heraeus Vario EL (CHNS, Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany) unit. IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer FT-IR spectrometer Spectrum 1000 or on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum Two (UATR Two Unit; both instruments from Perkin Elmer LAS, Rodgau, Germany). UV-VIS spectra were taken on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 14 spectrometer or on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 750 S (UV/VIS/NIR) spectrometer (both instruments from Perkin Elmer LAS, Rodgau, Germany). The solvents were dried according to usual procedures. The purity of the compounds was determined by HPLC and found to be >96%.
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4

FTIR Analysis of Functional Groups

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Functional group changes in the CNCs were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two, PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The analysis was conducted in the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1 with 16 scans at 4 cm−1 resolution and a data interval of 1 cm−1.
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5

Cross-Linked Structure of DME-Extracted Aorta

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To
investigate the cross-linked structure
of the DME-extracted aorta, FTIR spectra of the original aorta and
the DME-extracted aorta were obtained using attenuated total reflection-FTIR
(100 scans, PerkinElmer Spectrum Two, PerkinElmer Japan K.K., Yokohama,
Japan). The DME-extracted aorta has had water removed, so the aorta
with water added again was also measured.
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6

Structural Stability of Starch Films

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The spectra of the treated surfaces of the starch films were acquired in Perkin-Elmer Spectrum Two (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, USA), in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR), in the wavelength range: 4000-650 cm -1 , using 32 scans and 4 cm -1 resolution.
The effect of the DBD plasma treatment on the structural stability of the starch films was also investigated. It has been reported that bands in the region 1100-950 cm -1 are sensitive to changes in starch structure (especially the ones related to amorphous and crystalline structures -1022 cm -1 and 1047 cm -1 , respectively) [20] (link). In this sense, the 1047:1022 cm -1 intensity ratio was used as an indicator of the order degree.
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7

Characterization of Colored TiO2 Hybrids

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The colored TiO2 hybrid particulates were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. UV–Vis (Perkin Elmer Lambda 25, MA, United States) was used to determine the reflectivity properties from the absorption spectra of TiO2 hybrid particulates. UV–Vis measurements were carried out in a quartz cuvette ell at room temperature (25 °C) with a spectral range from 190 nm to 1100 nm. The distance between the lamp and sample was set to 121 mm with double beam light sources (pre-aligned Deuterium and Tungsten) and a linear absorbance up to 3.2 A. Samples for FTIR spectroscopy were prepared on a quartz plate. FTIR spectra were obtained using Spectrum Two (Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two, MA, United States) in an attenuated total reflection mode with a resolution of 4 cm–1. HR-SEM (Hitachi S-5200, Tokyo, Japan) was used to characterize the changes in particle sizes and dispersions of TiO2 after encapsulation. XRD (Bruker D8, MA, United States) measurements were performed inside a vacuum chamber to avoid scattering by air. Measurements were carried out using Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) for the 2θ range of 10° to 50° with a step size of 0.02°.
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8

Spectroscopic Analysis of Methyl Red

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The Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two instrument (103385; Waltham, MA, USA) was used to conduct the FTIR analysis of the methyl red before and after bacterial treatment while the purified fraction obtained through silica gel column after TLC profiling was analyzed by Proton (1H) and Carbon 13 (13C) NMR (Advance III 600 MHZ, Cryoprobe, Triple Resonance Channel; Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) for confirmation and structure elucidation.
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9

Characterization of Material Properties

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was measured by (Spectrum Two, PerkinElmer, company, Waltham, MA, USA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was achieved from Phenom LE (Phenom China Ltd., Shanghai, China) and SU4800 (HITACHI Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The specific surface area of samples was tested by an automatic gas adsorption analyzer (Quantachrome Instruments Ltd., Shanghai, China) and calculated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method.
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10

ATR-FTIR Analysis of Polymeric Films

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The spectra of polymeric films were recorded using a Spectrum Two instrument (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. The spectra were recorded as the mean of 20 scans from 450 to 4000 cm–1 using a resolution of 4 cm–1, and the % transmittance versus wavelength was recorded. Subsequently, the films were immersed in 10 mL of NaOH 5 M, dried, and the spectrum was again recorded.
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