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4 protocols using tlrl pic

1

HIV Latency Reversal and Reactivation

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To drive HIV emergence from latency and/or HIV expression increase, we used TNF-α (Invitrogen, Cat. #PHC3015), poly(I:C) (InvivoGen, #tlrl-pic), and METH (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. #51-57-0) alone or in combination at the concentrations stated in the corresponding Figures and/or Figure Legends. To study the involvement of the σ receptors in METH-mediated HIV reactivation, BD1047 (Tocris, Cat. #0956), rimcazole (Tocris, Cat. #1497), and SM21 (Tocris, Cat. #0751) were used at the concentrations specified in the Figure Legends.
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2

Exosome Protein Expression Analysis

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The following antibodies were used: mouse anti-CD9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-59140), mouse anti-CD63 (BD Pharmingen, 556019), mouse anti-CD81 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-555675), mouse anti-β-actin (Millipore, MAB1501), mouse anti-MHC-2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 68258), mouse anti–NK-κB (Cell Signaling Technology, 8242), mouse anti–phosphor-NK-κB (Cell Signaling Technology, 3033), rabbit anti-ANXA1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 71-3400), rabbit anti-FPR2 (Novusbio, NLS1878), mouse anti-HT2-280 (Terrace, TB-27AHT2-280), and rabbit anti-SFTPC (Millipore, AB3786). Additionally, the following reagents were used: the Human MACSPlex Exosome Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-108-813), Phorbol 12-myristiate-12 acetate (PMA Sigma-Aldrich, P8139), poly (I:C) (InvivoGen, tlrl-pic), lipopolysaccharide LPS (Sigma‐Aldrich, L2630), dexamethasone (Fujifilm, 041-18861), recombinant ANXA1 (American Research products, 01-2062), and WRW4 (R&D Systems, 2262/1).
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3

Murine Macrophage Activation Assay

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pIC was from InvivoGen (tlrl-pic), formaldehyde and glycine were from Sigma-Aldrich, LPS was from Sigma-Aldrich (Escherichia coli 055:B5; L2880), and recombinant mouse IFN-γ was purchased from ImmunoTools (12343534). Trizma base, glycine, EDTA, β-glycerophosphate, PMSF, leupeptin, pepstatin A, aprotinin, SDS, and Triton X-100 were from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was from Merck. CellTracker Green 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (C2925). Polyornithine, Hoechst 33342, β-mercaptoethanol, and phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine B isothiocyanate were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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4

Multiplex Assay for Cell Death

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The reagents were as follows: recombinant human IFN-beta protein: R&D Systems, 8499-IF-010/CF; poly(dA:dT): InvivoGen, tlrl-patn; poly(I:C): InvivoGen, tlrl-pic; 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine: Sigma-Aldrich, D5782; deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt from herring testes (HT-DNA): Sigma-Aldrich, D6898; MitoTracker: Invitrogen, M22426; IncuCyte Nuclight Rapid red dye: Sartorius, 4717; IncuCyte Cytotox red dye: Sartorius, 4632; IncuCyte Cytotox green dye: Sartorius, 4633; doxycycline: Sigma-Aldrich, D9891; staurosporine: Cell Signaling Technology, 9953; recombinant human TNF-alpha protein: R&D Systems, 210-TA; BV6: Selleckchem, S7597; z-VAD-FMK: Cell Signaling Technology, 60332; LPS: Cell Signaling Technology, 14011; nigericin: Cayman Chemical, 11437; Hoechst 33342: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 62249.
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