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Dopamine hydrochloride da

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China

Dopamine hydrochloride (DA) is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is the hydrochloride salt of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine hydrochloride is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. It is commonly used as a reference standard in analytical procedures and for the preparation of solutions for various research and experimental purposes.

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32 protocols using dopamine hydrochloride da

1

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Particles

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BaTiO3 particles, binders, plasticizers, and dispersants were obtained from Samsung Electromechanics (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride and hydrochloric acid (HCl 37%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA).
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2

Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor Development

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Graphite powder, dopamine (DA) hydrochloride, L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), citric acid (CA), glucose, potassium hexacyanoferrate (K3[Fe(CN)6]), phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1 M), and hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) (HAuCl4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the other chemicals used such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. (Ansan, Korea). All the reagents were analytical grade and were used without further purification. Deionized (DI) water was used throughout the work.
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3

Neurotransmitter Stock Solution Preparation

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Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride (1 M stock, H8602, Sigma-Aldrich), serotonin hydrochloride (50 mM stock, 14332, CAY), and L-adrenaline (epinephrine) (5 mM stock, A0173, TCI) were dissolved in 10 mM HCl. L-noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate (1 M stock, A0906, TCI), sodium L-glutamate monohydrate (10 mM stock, G0188, TCI), 4-aminobutyric acid (100 mM stock, A0282, TCI), histamine (100 mM stock, 18111–71, Nacalai Tesque), acetylcholine chloride (10 mM stock, A6625, Sigma-Aldrich), R( +)-SCH 23390 hydrochloride (10 mM stock, D054, Sigma-Aldrich), and octopamine hydrochloride (10 mM stock, O0413, TCI) were each dissolved separately in distilled water. SKF 81297 hydrobromide (10 mM stock, 1447, TOCRIS), haloperidol hydrochloride (20 mM stock, 0931, TOCRIS), yohimbine hydrochloride (20 mM stock, 1127, TOCRIS), and tyramine (10 mM stock, A0302, TCI) were dissolved in DMSO. Compound solutions were then subdivided into aliquots and stored at − 20 °C until use. A working solution of 1 M DA was stored at 4 °C for 3 weeks prior to use.
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4

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Particles

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BaTiO3 particles, binders, plasticizers, and dispersants were obtained from Samsung Electromechanics (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride and hydrochloric acid (HCl 37%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA).
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5

HPLC Quantification of Monoamines in Rat Brain

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The rat brain samples were thawed at room temperature, and 500 μL of perchloric acid (0.4 M) were added, mixed, and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 3 min. Supernatant (100 μL) was added to 200 μL mobile phase, and 20 μL of the mixture were injected into the chromatography. The peak area was recorded, and was quantified using the standard curve. The standard solution series were determined, and the peak area and concentration were calculated using least square linear regression. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: column, diamond-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase, 4.04 g anhydrous sodium acetate, 0.80 g heptane sodium sulfonate, and 0.188 g EDTA dissolved in 1,000 ml water, filtered using 0.25 μm filter membrane, pH adjusted to 4.5 with acetic acid, then to 3.8 with phosphoric acid, and 220 ml methanol added; flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; detector potential, 0.75 V; column temperature, 35°C; and injection volume: 20 μL. Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride (Sigma, United States), norepinephrine (NE) (Sigma, United States), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) hydrochloride (Sigma, United States) were dissolved in methanol to prepare a standard solution for control. The levels of NE, DA, and 5-HT of NAc were determined.
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6

Fabrication of Graphene Oxide-Silica Nanoparticle Hybrids

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The silica nanoparticles (SNs) were bought from Nanjing Dongjian Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Graphene oxide (GO) dispersion solution (XF224-1, 0.5 mg/mL) was purchased from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech. Co., Ltd. Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride and tris base were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol absolute, and n-hexane were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Dimethyl silicone oil was bought from Nanjing Wanqing Co. Ltd. The oligonucleotide sequences purified by high-performance liquid chromatography were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer was prepared in our lab. Deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm−1 was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q system and it was used during the whole work. All the chemical reagents were of the best grade available and used as received. The purity of the employed chemical reagents was all analytically pure.
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7

Biochemical Analysis of Neurotransmitters

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All chemicals used were of analytical grade. Reagents were stored in hard dark glass bottles with glass stoppers to avoid leaching of fluorescent contaminants: acidified N-butanol (0.85 mL of concentrated HCl was added to 1 L of N-butanol), N-heptane, hydrochloric acid (0.1 N and 10 N), sodium hydroxide (5 N), acetic acid (0.2 N and 5 N), iodine (0.1 N; 1.27 g of iodine was dissolved in 100 mL of absolute ethanol), EDTA (0.12 M; 0.1-M EDTA was dissolved in 1-N sodium acetate and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with 5-N sodium hydroxide), NaHCO3 (0.033 M), and alkaline sulphite [25% (W/V), 0.5 g of anhydrous sodium sulphite was dissolved in 2 mL distilled water]. This solution was mixed well with 18 mL of 1 N NaOH just before use. O-phthalaldehyde (OPT; 4 mg and 10 mg) was dissolved in 10-N hydrochloric acid. Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride, norepinephrine (NE) hydrochloride, serotonin (5-HT), and hydrogen oxalate (obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) were used in the experiments.
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8

Biomimetic Hydrogel for Drug Delivery

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The modified Gel-DA (with a degree of substitution of dopamine of 13.6%) and DOHA (The TNBS method was 33.2% measured by oxidation degree of OHA) were supplied by the Biomaterials Research Group at Jinan University. Gelatin (type A, 300 bloom), HA (The Mn is 150 000– 300,000 Da), Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (BTES), Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3•6 H2O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex-p) was purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory provides the other chemical reagents used in this research.
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9

Graphene Oxide-Based Biopolymer Composite

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Graphene oxide (GO) powder was purchased from Graphenea (San Sebastian, Spain). Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride and Tris buffer were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Graphitized mesoporous carbon (MC) and Gum Arabic (GA) powders were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain).
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10

Lipoprotein Isolation and Characterization

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LDL was procured from Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA). Dopamine (DA) hydrochloride, primary antibody anti-β-lipoprotein, human serum albumin (HSA) and secondary antibody anti-chicken (IgG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Mono-(6-ethanediamine-6-deoxy)-β-Cyclodextrin (NH2-β-CD) was acquired from Zhiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). Polysulfone granules were provided by Zhejiang Qinyuan Water Treatment S.T. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Other chemicals were sourced from Sinopharm Chemical (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) used in this study was prepared using an ELGA Classic UF system.
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