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330 protocols using spss statistics software version 22

1

TBI, Combat Exposure, and PTSD Symptoms

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All analyses were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics software Version 22. Missing data were handled using casewise deletion, per recommendations when using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes, 2012 ). First, a linear multiple regression was used to test the unique associations of lifetime number of TBIs and recent TBI severity with PTSD symptoms. Extent of combat exposure and months in Iraq were included as covariates given prior research associating both of these with greater PTSD symptoms (Shen, Arkes, Kwan, & Tan, 2010 (link)).
Next, the moderating effects of lifetime TBIs on the relationship between the extent of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms were examined using the PROCESS Macro for SPSS with 1000 random bootstrap samples and 95% confidence intervals of the estimates based on the bootstrap distribution (Hayes, 2012 ).
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2

Cost Analysis of Stroke Care

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The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics Software version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics, using parametric and non-parametric methods appropriate for the data, were used, as well as generalised linear regression modelling of costs with gamma distributions and log linked for multivariable analyses that adjusted for age, sex, stroke type, and length of stay. Costs were adjusted (i.e. inflated) to a common reference year using the total health price index of 1.0813 for inflating 2006–07 prices to 2010–11 prices [19 ]. To convert costs to United States dollars please multiply by 1.5 which was the purchasing power parity in 2011 [20 ].
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3

Urolithiasis in a Kenyan Hospital

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This was a retrospective study conducted at AKUHN, a teaching hospital serving a multi-ethnic population, in which patients’ clinical and laboratory records were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory records for all patients with confirmed urolithiasis at AKUHN, during the period spanning from January 2013 to May 2014 were included: sixty-seven symptomatic patients with confirmed urolithiasis formed the study. Data relating to demographic characteristics, clinical features, modalities of diagnosis and treatment were extracted from the clinical records. Data concerning stone composition was extracted from corresponding laboratory records.
The analytical method used to analyze stones at AKUHN was wet chemistry. In brief, the stones were pulverized into fine powder and mixed with different liquid reagents to detect various chemical components through observation of effervescence and color changes.
In statistical analysis, continuous variables were expressed as means and medians. Categorical data were summarized into percentages. Differences in categorical variables between groups were assessed using Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. P values less or equal to 0.05 were interpreted as statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics software version 22 (IBM, Armonk, USA).
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4

Oxidative Stress Marker MDA Protocol

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Data management and analysis were performed using SPSS statistics software version 22 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, for Windows). Numerical data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation (SD) while categorical data were summarized as numbers and percentages. The latter data were assessed using the chi-square χ2 test to compare between the two groups. The t test or paired t test was used to compare means of continuous data as appropriate. P values <.05 were considered significant.
The sample size was calculated according to the oxidative stress marker MDA.13 (link) Depending on a previous study performed on patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, it was found that MDA was 0.4 (0.03) and 0.37 (0.03) (μmol/L) in the control and NAC groups, respectively.13 (link) Assuming the statistical power is 90% and α was set to .05, and by using PASS 11th release NCSS, LLC. Kaysville, Utah, USA,14 we recruited 30 cases into each group.
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5

Comparing Implant Impression Techniques

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Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22. The data collected from the three-implant systems were classified and used to compare the effects of implant impression techniques and parallelism. The p value was set at p ≤ 0.05 and regarded as statistically significant.
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6

Comparing Cirrhosis Etiology and Outcomes

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The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics software, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States). Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Non-normally distributed continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and proportions. The statistical significance of the difference in means between the two groups was tested using the unpaired t-test. The statistical significance of the difference in medians between the two groups was tested using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical variables were tested using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. To assess the association between cirrhosis etiology and portal vein diameter, and the association between cirrhosis etiology and liver fibrosis markers, multivariable linear regression analysis with a forward stepwise approach was used to adjust for confounders. To assess whether the risk of ascites, splenomegaly, and progression from Child-Pugh grade A to B or C differed between WD-associated cirrhosis patients and hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis patients, logistic regression analysis with a backward stepwise approach was used. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. A P-value < 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant.
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7

Trabecular Bone Mineral Analysis

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The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics software, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student–Newman–Keuls-q (SNK-q) tests were performed for multiple comparisons, and paired t-test was using for comparisons of Ca/P ratio and the SF value of mineral crystals from grade I and grade IV trabecular bone. For all comparisons, the significance level was set at α = 0.05.
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8

Cardiovascular Disease Awareness Protocol

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All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22, except for weighted kappa which was performed using a statistical calculator from the Statistical Computation Web Site [23 ]. Data were cleaned before analysis was conducted. The responses for the items that were worded oppositely were reverse coded. For example, a reverse coding was carried out for the item “I don’t want to think and know about CVD diseases at all”.
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9

Estimating Annual Euthanasia Requests in the Netherlands

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The survey data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Software version 22. The number of unique patients requesting EAS and number of unique patients receiving EAS in the previous 12 months as reported by the participating psychiatrists were extrapolated to make an estimation for the number of EAS requests received and performed by all psychiatrists in the Netherlands for a one year period from 2015 to 2016. For this purpose, the number of unique patients requesting EAS (n = 91) and number of unique patients receiving EAS (n = 7) were multiplied with the weighing factor. The weighing factor (12.40) was calculated by dividing the total number of eligible psychiatrists in the Netherlands (n = 2566) by the number of responding psychiatrists (n = 207).
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10

Correlating Optical Density and pH

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A statistical correlation between optical density and pH values was evaluated. The analysis was made with IBM SPSS Statistics Software version 22. The correlations were considered significant at the 0.05 level.
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