Pb acetate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Pb acetate is a chemical compound with the formula Pb(CH3COO)2. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Pb acetate is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lead acetate Pb (CH3COO)2 (3 citations) Lead (II) acetate trihydrate [Pb(CH3CO2)2·3H2O] (3 citations) Pb(II) acetate (Pb2(C3O2H)2; (2 citations) Pb(II) acetate tri-hydrate (2 citations) Lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2·3H2O) (2 citations) Lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2; (2 citations) Pb acetate trihydrate (2 citations) Lead (II) acetate (Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 ) (2 citations)

6 protocols using pb acetate

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Analysis

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The chemicals utilized during study: ammonium sulphate, 2,4-dinitro-phenyl-hydrazine, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid, 5,5-di-thio-bi(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide, nitro blue tetrazolium, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phenazinemethosulphate, sodium pyrophosphate, reduced glutathione, sodium azide, thiobarbituric acid, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid and trichloro acetic acid were procured from Sisco Research Laboratory, India. Bovine serum albumin, Bradford reagent and Pb-acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA. All primary antibodies (produced in rabbit) viz. anti-Bcl-2 (dilution 1:1000), anti-Bad (dilution 1:3000), anti-Cyt C (dilution 1:1000), anti-Apaf-1 (dilution 1:1000), anti-caspase 3 (dilution 1:1000), anti-caspase 8 (dilution 1:1000), anti-caspase 9 (dilution 1:1000), anti-Fas (dilution 1:2000), anti-Bid (dilution 1:1000) and anti-actin (dilution 1:3000) for immunoblotting were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company St. Louis, USA. Appropriate HRP conjugated secondary antibody (dilution 1:3000) produced in goat was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company St. Louis, USA. Methanol, formic acid, acetic acid and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck, India.

Dewanjee S., Dua T.K., Khanra R., Das S., Barma S., Joardar S., Bhattacharjee N., Zia-Ul-Haq M, & Jaafar H.Z. (2015). Water Spinach, Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae), Ameliorates Lead Toxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0139831.

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Lead Acetate Exposure in Rats

Cited 3 times

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The experimental animals were exposed to Pb acetate at 50 mg/kg (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [17 (link)] from the 35th day to the 90th postnatal day by intragastric gavage. The control group received distilled water (H₂O_dest.), in the same volume as the exposed group. Gavage administration was used by our group in different models of exposure to toxicants [57 (link),58 (link),59 (link)]. The animals were weekly weighed for dose adjustment and verification of possible changes in body mass due to metal effects.

Alves Oliveira A.C., Dionizio A., Teixeira F.B., Bittencourt L.O., Nonato Miranda G.H., Oliveira Lopes G., Varela E.L., Nabiça M., Ribera P., Dantas K., Leite A., Buzalaf M.A., Monteiro M.C., Maia C.S, & Lima R.R. (2020). Hippocampal Impairment Triggered by Long-Term Lead Exposure from Adolescence to Adulthood in Rats: Insights from Molecular to Functional Levels. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(18), 6937.

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Lead Exposure in Tg-SwDI Mice

Cited 1 time

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Tg-SwDI (APP-Swedish, Dutch, Iowa) mice were introduced from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and bred in the laboratory of Animal Center at the Indiana University School of Medicine (Indianapolis, IN, USA). All procedures and materials used in this animal study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Indiana University School of Medicine. Five-month-old female mice were housed, 3 to 5 each cage, supplied ad libitum with food and water, in a 12 h light/dark cycle facility. In this study, three mice orally received 27 mg Pb/kg (i.e., 50 mg Pb-acetate/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA) daily by gavage (Pb-treated group). The control group orally received an equivalent molar concentration of Na-acetate daily [39 (link)]. All mice were sacrificed at 30 days after the first oral treatment.

Gu H., Xu Y., Du N., Yu Y., Zheng W, & Du Y. (2022). Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus. Biology, 11(2), 308.

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Zebrafish Lead Exposure Assay

Cited 2 times

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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) wild-type AB strain were housed in a Z-mod system (Aquatic Habitats, Apopka, FL) on a 14:10 hour light:dark cycle. Water quality was maintained at 28°C, pH of 7.0-7.2, and conductivity range of 470-550 μS. Adult fish were bred in cages and embryos were collected and staged following established protocols (Westerfield, 2007 ). Based on previous studies from our laboratory (Peterson et al., 2011 (link), 2013 ; Zhang et al., 2011 (link)) and the new blood lead reference value (5 μg/dL or 50 ppb) as stated from the CDC, zebrafish embryos were treated with 10, 50, or 100 ppb Pb (Pb acetate, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) or a control treatment (fish water) beginning at 1 hpf. Embryos/larvae were collected at numerous developmental stages ranging from 24 to 72 hpf for experimental procedures. The highest treatment concentration of 100 ppb is 50 times below that which caused mortality and alterations in hatching (Peterson et al., 2011 (link)). All protocols were approved by Purdue University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee with all fish treated humanely and with regard for alleviation of suffering.

Wirbisky S.E., Weber G.J., Lee J.W., Cannon J.R, & Freeman J.L. (2014). Novel dose-dependent alterations in excitatory GABA during embryonic development associated with lead (Pb) neurotoxicity. Toxicology letters, 229(1), 1-8.

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Vitexin Ameliorates Lead Toxicity

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Vitexin extract and Pb acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate buffered saline was freshly prepared, while other materials were purchased locally. Pb acetate solution was prepared by dissolving 500 mg of Pb in 1 mL water. Vitexin solution was freshly prepared each morning of administration before use. Vitexin was dissolved in normal saline (NaCl, 0.9%). Pb treatments on mice were done using oral gavage, while all Vitexin treatment was via intraperitoneal injection (IP).

Amedu N.O, & Omotoso G.O. (2020). Lead acetate-induced neurodegenerative changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of mice: the role of Vitexin. Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology, 35(1), e2020001.

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Lead-Induced Dendritic Spine Growth Model

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Since day DIV 7 to DIV 12 is the primary time period of dendritic spine growth (Zhao et al., 2018 (link)), therefore, to establish Pb-exposure model in vitro, 1 μM of Pb acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, United States) was added to the cultured hippocampal neurons for 5 days in this period. On DIV 12, the primary culture medium for the hippocampal neurons was replaced with sugar-free neurobasal medium and the neurons were further cultured for 2 h. Afterward, the neurons were cultured with 100 μM 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-6-deoxy-glucose (2-NBDG) and 1 μg/ml insulin for 30 min. The cells were subsequently collected for flow cytometry after being resuspended in PBS.

Zhao Z.H., Du K.J., Wang T., Wang J.Y., Cao Z.P., Chen X.M., Song H., Zheng G, & Shen X.F. (2021). Maternal Lead Exposure Impairs Offspring Learning and Memory via Decreased GLUT4 Membrane Translocation. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 648261.

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