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43 protocols using cm120 tem

1

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cells

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Samples were processed in the Electron Microscopy Core at Fudan Univeristy. Cell pellets were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The cells were washed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. The pellets were then dehydrated in graded ethanol series, infiltrated, and embedded in Spurr's resin. Samples were then polymerized for 48 h at 60°C, cut into 60-nm-thick sections on LKB-I microtome, positioned on 200 mesh grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. TEM was performed on PHILIPS CM120 TEM at an accelerating voltage of 120 Kv. Images were acquired with Gatan type UltraScan 4000SP CCD Camera connected to the TEM.
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2

Histological and Ultrastructural Analysis of Renal Cortex

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For histological assessments, small segments of renal cortex from the normal and experimental rats were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and were processed for paraffin sectioning. Sections of about 5 mm width were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome for assessment under light microscope (Olympus CX41 Phase Contrast Microscope, Japan). For electron microscopy (Philips CM120 TEM at 80 kV, Netherlands), renal cortex tubular tissues were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 h and 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 h. The sample was dehydrated with a series of ethanol and acetone for 10 minutes, embedded in epoxy resin, and cut into ultrathin sections.
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3

Stereocilia and Cochlear Morphology Examination

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The morphology of the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells was examined using SEM. Samples for SEM were prepared following procedures described in our previous publications [46 (link)]. Briefly, the cochleae were fixed with 2.5 % glutaraldehyde. After dehydration, the samples were critical-point dried, mounted on aluminum stubs, sputter-coated with gold particles, and examined using a Hitachi S-3700N SEM (Japan). The cochlear SV morphology was observed on cochlear sections using light microscopy and TEM. For TEM, the cochleae after overnight fixation were decalcified, embedded in Epon resin, and sectioned on a Reichert Ultracut E ultramicrotome (Boeckeler Instruments, Tucson, NM). Ultrathin sections were mounted on formvar-coated slot grids, stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate, and examined using a Philips CM 120 TEM. At least three independent samples were performed to confirm the results.
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Electron Microscopy of Heart Tissue

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The heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutaric dialdehyde for approximately 4 h and washed three times with 0.1 mL phosphate buffer. Next, the samples were embedded in Epon 812 and cut into 100‐nm thick slices using UC7 Ultramicrotome (Leica, Heerbrugg, Switzerland). The sections were then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and the images were captured by using an electron microscopy core facility with Philips (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) CM‐120 TEM (Amsterdam, the Netherlands).
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5

Visualizing K18 and IAPP Protein Fibrils

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PFFs formed by K18 in the presence or absence of IAPP were visualized by negative stain TEM as described previously [24 ]. Tau PFFs and IAPP-tau PFFs were adsorbed to glow discharged 400 meshed carbon-coated copper grids for 2 min, quickly washed three times with Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4), and floated upon two drops of 0.75% uranyl formate for 30 s. The grids were allowed to dry before imaging on a Phillips CM 120 TEM operating at 80 kV. The images were captured and digitized with an ER-80 CCD (8 megapixel) by advanced microscopy techniques.
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6

Cryo-EM Sample Preparation Protocol

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Cryo-TEM samples are prepared in a controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS) or using the commercial environmentally controlled automated Vitrobot (FEI, Netherlands), always at a controlled temperature (25 °C) and at saturation. A 6 µL drop of the suspension is placed on a 200-mesh TEM copper grid covered with a perforated carbon film. To remove excess solution and produce a thin liquid film the drop is blotted, manually in the CEVS and automatically in the Vitrobot. The blotted sample is then plunged into liquid ethane (−183 °C) to form a vitrified specimen and transferred to liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) for storage. Vitrified specimens are examined at temperatures below −175 °C using a Gatan 626 cryo holder either in a Tecnai T12 G2 TEM (FEI, Netherlands) or a Philips CM120 TEM operating at 120 kV. Images are recorded on a Gatan MultiScan 791 camera or Gatan UltraScan 1000 using the DigitalMicrograph software (Gatan, U.K.) in the low-dose imaging mode to minimize beam exposure and electron-beam radiation damage, as described.35 ,38
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7

Protein Sample Preparation and Characterization

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Protein samples were expressed and purified by ViewPoint Therapeutics and shipped to UW-Madison as lyophilized samples. Samples were rehydrated in deuterated 1X PBS (from 10X PBS, Fisher) to a concentration of 3 mg/mL, immediately before use. All 2DIR data was measured at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Room temperature samples were incubated at room temperature for 27 hours. Heated samples were heated for 2 hours at 43°C and then left at room temperature for 25 hours. TEM samples of crystallin proteins were prepared as previously described [10 (link)]. Briefly, equal parts protein (1 mg/mL) and 1% uranyl acetate were pipetted onto a TEM grid immediately before measurement. TEM in Fig 2 were collected with a Tecnai 12 TEM and in S3 Fig, with a Philips CM120 TEM. TIFF images were cropped in Adobe Illustrator to make figures.
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8

Transmission Electron Microscopy Sample Preparation

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were prepared as follows. One drop of the undiluted sample in either H2O or chloroform (depending on the particle being analysed) was placed onto a carbon-coated copper grid and allowed to settle for 20 s; then, excess liquid was wicked away using filter paper. Imaging was performed with a CM120 TEM operating at 120 kV (Philips, Cambridge, MA, USA).
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9

Transmission Electron Microscopy of PFF

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10 μL of the PFF (5 μg/μl sonicated and unsonicated PFF in PBS) samples were pipetted onto a 200 mesh copper grids (EMS) with carbon-coated formvar film and incubated for 2 min. Excess liquid was removed by blotting. The grid was briefly placed on 10 μL of 2% uranyl acetate (w/v; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), followed by blotting to remove excess liquid. This last step was repeated. Grids were allowed to dry before imaging on a Phillips CM 120 TEM operating at 80 kV. Images were captured and digitized with an US1000 CCD (2048 x 2048 pixel, 14 μm pixel, 100% fill factor) and 2k x 2k CCD camera (Gatan, Inc. USA) by advanced microscopy techniques.
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10

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles

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The 200-mesh copper grids coated with Formvar-carbon were glow-discharged, and 5-μL samples were directly loaded onto the grids for two minutes before absorbing the liquid excess. The samples were then negatively stained by floating for 30 seconds on a drop of 1.0% (w/v) sodium silicotungstate. After air drying, images were acquired using a Philips CM120 TEM operated at 80 kV. EV diameter was determined using ImageJ software [20 (link)]. The mean EV density per (sub)species was estimated from the number of vesicles observed in ten 5 μm2 squares.
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