The concentrations of beta2-microglobulin and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassays (Immunotech by Beckman, Czech Republic and BioSource Europe SA, Belgium respectively).
Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [12 (link)].
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) concentrations were measured using enzyme linked immunoabsorbed assays (ΕLISA, Immundiagnostik AG., Germany and Ani Biotech Oy, Orgenium, Finland respectively) according to manufacturer’s specifications.
Normalized protein catabolic rate for dry body mass (nPCR) was calculated from the urea generation rate [13 (link)].Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from height and post-dialysis body weight.
Metabolic acidosis was defined by serum bicarbonate levels, which were measured using a blood gas analyzer (Roche, cobas b 121 system) taking care of the blood specimens [14 (link)].