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Pan cytokeratin

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Pan-cytokeratin is a protein marker used in immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of epithelial cells. It recognizes a broad spectrum of cytokeratin subtypes, making it a useful tool for identifying and characterizing various epithelial cell types.

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6 protocols using pan cytokeratin

1

Breast Cancer Cell Lines Protocol

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MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and MCF7 human BC cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA) and maintained 231 cells (ATCC) was maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (4.5 g/L glucose) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, Penicillin (100 µg/ml)/streptomycin (100 µg/mL) antibiotics. Cells were incubated under humidified conditions with 5% CO2 at 37 °C.
Antibodies against phospho-β-cateninS552, phospho-β-cateninS33/S37/T41, β-catenin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, CD44, phospho-GSK3βS9, GSK3β, phospho-AKTT308, AKT, pan-cytokeratin and Actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc (Boston, MA). An anti-HNA antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). p16INK4a was purchased from Abcam.
Cycloheximide (CHX) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and NS1643 was purchased from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel).
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2

Quantifying Extracellular Vesicle Markers

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Antibodies used in this study were Integrin β4 (Thermo Fisher, MA180984), Pan-cytokeratin (Cell Signaling, 4545), Cyclin E (Santa Cruz, sc-481), beta-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A5441), FAK (Santa Cruz, sc558), pY397-FAK (Abcam, 39967), SMA (Abcam, 7817), CD63 (System Biosciences, EXOAB-CD63A-1), CD81 (Cell Signaling, 10037), ALIX (Cell Signaling, 2171) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, 2118).
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3

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endometrium and DRG Neurons

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For immunofluorescence, the paraffin-embedded endometrium tissues were sliced into 4μm sections, dewaxed with xylene and rehydrated with graded alcohol. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) was applied for antigen retrieval. Nonspecific binding was blocked with goat serum (BOSTER, AR1009, USA). Sections were incubated with antibody to NF-L (1:200, Cell Signaling Technology, 2837T, USA) and Pan-cytokeratin (1:400, Cell Signaling Technology, 4545T, USA) at 4℃ overnight followed by secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 488 (1:200; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Images were obtained by fluorescence microscopy (Leica, Germany). The positive nerve fibers were counted in 10 representative fields (20x10) without knowing the histological diagnoses and clinical data. The total number of fibers of each patient were added together and further analyzed. For identification of DRG neurons, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and then incubated with the primary antibody MAP2 (1:200, Cell Signaling Technology, 8707T, USA) at 4℃ over-night. After that, cells were incubated with secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 488 (1:200; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Cells were counterstained with DAPI (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and examined under a fluorescence microscope (Leica, Germany).
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4

Immunostaining Analysis of Airway Epithelial Cells

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For immunostaining analyses, cell cultures grown in Nunc™ Lab-Tek™ II 8-chamber slide system were washed using 0.05% v Brij-35 in PBS(+) and immunostained as described previously (11 (link)). Cells were stained with antibodies to mucin MUC5AC (Millipore, Inc.), ICAM-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and pan cytokeratin (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.). Immunostained cells were detected using respective secondary fluor-conjugated antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc) and mounted with DAPI-containing mounting media. Immunofluorescent images were captured using a Keyence BZ-X710 all-in-one fluorescence microscopy system and were analyzed using Keyence analysis software and Image J software (National Institutes of Health). Labtech slides of NHBEs and CHBEs treated with or without CSE were immunostained for MUC5AC or ICAM-1 separately. Labtech slides stained for either MUC5AC or ICAM-1 were imaged, three random images per well were captured with 2 wells per treatment and a total of 200 cells were counted per treatment group and the percent positive cells were calculated, as described earlier (11 (link)).
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5

Quantifying Extracellular Vesicle Markers

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Antibodies used in this study were Integrin β4 (Thermo Fisher, MA180984), Pan-cytokeratin (Cell Signaling, 4545), Cyclin E (Santa Cruz, sc-481), beta-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich, A5441), FAK (Santa Cruz, sc558), pY397-FAK (Abcam, 39967), SMA (Abcam, 7817), CD63 (System Biosciences, EXOAB-CD63A-1), CD81 (Cell Signaling, 10037), ALIX (Cell Signaling, 2171) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, 2118).
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6

EMT and CAF Characterization Protocol

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Antibodies used to detect EMT including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail1, Slug were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. FAP, CD31, and CD45 antibodies from Santa Cruz Biotech, α-SMA antibody from Abcam and Pan-cytokeratin from Cell Signaling Technology were used to identify CAFs and paired NFs. Human HGF antibody and Human IL-6 antibody were purchased from R&D Systems and used for HGF and IL-6 neutralization, respectively. Crizotinib and U0126 from Cell Signaling Technology and S3I-201 from Abcam were used as inhibitors of HGF/c-Met signaling, ERK1/2 signaling and STAT3 signaling pathways, respectively. AG490 from Medchem Express used as IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor. Recombinant human HGF protein from Abcam and recombinant human IL-6 protein from ABclonal Biotech were used as stimulating factors in the experiments, respectively. See Supplementary Table S1 for the reagents used.
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