All chemicals were of the highest purity available and used as received. Gallic acid monohydrate (98.0% pure) and gallates (propyl gallate, PG, butyl gallate, BG, octyl gallate, OG, and lauryl gallate, LG, all 99.0% pure) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. 2–Hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin (HP–β–CD) and methyl–β–cyclodextrin (M–β–CD) were purchased form Cyclolab LTD and acetonitrile was received from (ACN, HLPC grade) Merck. The Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent was obtained by VWR Chemical. Sodium carbonate and 2,2–diphenyl–1–pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH●) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Milli-Q grade water (conductivity < 0.1 mS cm−1) was employed in the preparation of aqueous solutions. Citric acid and sodium citrate (both from Acros Organics, 99% pure) 0.04 M, pH 3.65, was used as buffer solution.
Lauryl gallate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Lauryl gallate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an antioxidant and preservative in various research and testing applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cyclosporine a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Propyl gallate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Octyl gallate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tert butylhydroquinone tbhq, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Butyl gallate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid monohydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 pycrilhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin hp β cd, by Cyclolab (1 mentions)
Milli q plus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Erythromycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Menhaden oil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride aaph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl gallate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using lauryl gallate
1
Cyclodextrin-Mediated Antioxidant Evaluation
2
Purification and Reagent Preparation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Highly purified water was prepared with a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water purification system. Lauryl gallate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and erythromycin were purchased from Sigma (Rehovot, Israel).
3
Oxidation-Resistant Lipid Formulations
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Ethoxylated fatty acid alcohol surfactants (BrijTM S10, BrijTM S20, and BrijTM S100), nonionic surfactants consisting of hydrophilic oxyethylene groups and hydrophobic n-alkyl chains, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Menhaden oil, lauryl gallate, and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). According to the manufacturer’s technical information, Menhaden oil is composed of 24–33% saturated fatty acids, 14–26% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 29–43% polyunsaturated fatty acids (20–34% omega-3 fatty acids). The Menhaden oil was stored at −80 °C and thawed immediately prior to use. The major reason for choosing Menhaden oil was its large amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids because highly unsaturated fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation than less unsaturated ones. Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) consisting of caprylic (60.2%) and capric (39.7%) acids (Masester® E6000) were obtained from Musim Mas (Singapore City, Singapore). All other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).
4
Lycopene Encapsulation and Stabilization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Lauryl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyethylene glycol acyl ether-type emulsifiers (polyoxyethylene 10 stearyl (S10), polyoxyethylene 20 stearyl (S20), and polyoxyethylene 100 stearyl (S100) ethers), nonionic surfactants with hydrophilic groups compromising various numbers of oxyethylene groups, were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The molecular structures of lycopene, Lauryl gallate, TBHQ, and emulsifiers used in this work are presented in Figure 1 . Lycopene (LycoVit® Dispersion 10%) and medium chain triglyceride (Delios S) were purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). According to the manufacturer of LycoVit® Dispersion 10%, it was oily dispersion containing lycopene in sunflower oil and its purity was 11.2% (w/w). All chemical reagents were of analytical grade.
5
Biodegradable Polyesters and Gallate Antioxidants
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The polymers used for the study were biodegradable aliphatic polyesters: PLA and polymer P(3,4HB) 2001 from the PHA group of polymers. PLA (IngeoTM Biopolymer 4043D PLA) was bought from Nature WorksTM (Minnetonka, MN, USA) and had the following properties: Tg = 55–60 °C, Tm = 145–160 °C, and Melt Flow Index MFI = 6 g/10 min; PLA contained 4.8 % D-lactide and had an average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 kDa. PHA was obtained from Simag Holdings LTD (Hong Kong, China) and had the following properties: P(3,4HB) containing 12 mol % 4-hydroxybutyrate, average Mw of approximately 520 kDa, MVR = 15–20 g/10 min, (assay conditions: temperature 170 °C, nominal load 2.16 kg), and density of 1.25 g/cm3. The configuration of the 3HB component in the copolymer was R-3HB.
Gallates (ethyl gallate Mw = 198.17 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥96.0% (HPLC); propyl gallate Mw = 212.20 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥98.0% (HPLC); octyl gallate Mw = 282.33 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥99.0% (HPLC), and lauryl gallate Mw = 338.44 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥99.0% (HPLC)) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).Figure 1 shows the structural formulas of the polymers and gallates used.
Gallates (ethyl gallate Mw = 198.17 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥96.0% (HPLC); propyl gallate Mw = 212.20 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥98.0% (HPLC); octyl gallate Mw = 282.33 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥99.0% (HPLC), and lauryl gallate Mw = 338.44 g/mol, antioxidant, ≥99.0% (HPLC)) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
6
Lipid-Drug Formulations for Controlled Release
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The proper amount of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, ≥99%, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), cyclosporine A (CsA, ≥99%, Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany), and lauryl gallate (LG, ≥99%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in the chloroform:methanol (4:1, v:v) mixture to obtain the final concentration equal to 1 mg mL−1. Chloroform (99.8%) and methanol (≥99.9%) were purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals and from FlukaTM, respectively. Then, by mixing the basic solutions, binary (DOPC-CsA with the 1:1 molar ratio) and ternary (DOPC-CsA-LG with the LG molar fraction ( ) equal to 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) ones were obtained.
7
Lipid-Drug Interactions: Mixing Protocols
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DOPC, ≥99%, Sigma), cyclosporine A (CsA, ≥99%, Alfa
Aesar), and lauryl gallate (LG, ≥99%, Aldrich) were used as
received. The appropriate amounts of the above compounds were dissolved
in a chloroform/methanol (4:1, v/v) mixture to obtain a final concentration
of 1 mg/mL. Chloroform was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals (99.8%)
and methanol from Fluka (≥99.9%). Then, the binary (DOPC–LG,
CsA–LG, DOPC–CsA) and ternary (DOPC–LG–CsA,
CsA–LG–DOPC, DOPC–CsA–LG) systems were
prepared by mixing proper volumes of basic solutions so as to receive
the molar fractions of the second or third component, respectively,
equal to 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. In addition, for the ternary mixtures,
the constant molar ratio of two components 1:1 was maintained.
(DOPC, ≥99%, Sigma), cyclosporine A (CsA, ≥99%, Alfa
Aesar), and lauryl gallate (LG, ≥99%, Aldrich) were used as
received. The appropriate amounts of the above compounds were dissolved
in a chloroform/methanol (4:1, v/v) mixture to obtain a final concentration
of 1 mg/mL. Chloroform was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals (99.8%)
and methanol from Fluka (≥99.9%). Then, the binary (DOPC–LG,
CsA–LG, DOPC–CsA) and ternary (DOPC–LG–CsA,
CsA–LG–DOPC, DOPC–CsA–LG) systems were
prepared by mixing proper volumes of basic solutions so as to receive
the molar fractions of the second or third component, respectively,
equal to 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. In addition, for the ternary mixtures,
the constant molar ratio of two components 1:1 was maintained.
8
Preparation of DOPC-CsA-LG Lipid Solutions
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The 1 mg mL−1 solutions of the single 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC, ≥99%, Sigma, St. Louis, MI, USA), cyclosporine A (CsA, ≥99%, Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany), lauryl gallate (LG, ≥99%, Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), binary DOPC-CsA 0.50 (at the 1:1 molar ratio), and ternary DOPC-CsA-LG (the LG molar fraction equal to 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) were obtained. The binary and ternary solutions were prepared by mixing proper amounts of the single ones dissolved in 4:1, v:v chloroform:methanol (chloroform 99.8%, Macron Fine Chemicals, methanol ≥99.9%, FlukaTM) solvents.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!