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15 protocols using silica gel 200 300 mesh

1

General Experimental Procedures for Chemical Synthesis

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Example 1

1. General Experimental Rules

The chemical reagents used in the present invention are commercially available chemical pure or analytical pure. Melting points are determined using a M. P.50 Melting Point System (the thermometer is uncorrected). 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra are determined by Bruker AV300 (300 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (TMS is an internal standard, and the mass spectrum is determined by Agilent 1946 A-MSD type mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) and Water Q-Tof mass spectrometer (HRMS). The purity is determined by HPLC. The chromato-graphic column is an Agilent C18 (4.6×150 mm, 3.5 μM) reverse phase column. The mobile phase is methanol:water:trifluoroacetic acid=85:15:0.1.

The solvent is concentrated by an N-1100 rotary evaporator (carried out at 40° C.) manufactured by EYELA Instruments Co., Ltd. Silica gel used for column chromatography is 200-300 mesh silica gel (Qingdao Marine Chemical Factory, division factory), and the eluent is petroleum ether (boiling range of 60-90° C.) and ethyl acetate. The reaction is monitored by a GF254 thin-layer chromatography silica gel plate (Nicotiana deli) of 0.25×0.75 mm specification, and ultraviolet absorption is detected by irradiation with ZF-1 three purpose ultraviolet analyzer (Hangzhou David Science and Education instrument Co., Ltd.).

II. Preparation of Intermediates

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2

Spectroscopic Characterization of Compounds

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The values of optical rotations were recorded using an MCP-500 spectropolarimeter (Anton Paar, Graz, Austria). The Applied Photophysis Chirascan were used to determine the ECD spectra of tested compounds. UV and IR data were acquired by a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and a Shimadzu IR Affinity-1 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), respectively. HRESIMS spectra were obtained through a Thermo MAT95XP high resolution mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). The measurement of 1D and 2D NMR data were collected on a Bruker Avance-500 spectrometer with aids of TMS as internal standard (Bruker, Fällanden, Switzerland). The 200–300 mesh silica gel (Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China) was used for column chromatography. TLC analysis was carried out on silica gel plates (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). A Hitachi Primaide [Hitachi Instruments (Dalian) Co., Ltd.] equipped with a diode array detector (DAD) using a preparative YMC ODS C18 reverse column (20 × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for semi-preparative HPLC separation. Organic solvents used were of analytical grade (Guangzhou Chemical Regents Company, Ltd., Guangzhou, China).
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3

Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Melting points were measured on a YRT-3 apparatus (Tianjin precision apparatus factory, Tian Jin, China), uncorrected. 1H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Varain Mercury-300 & 400 instrument (Varian, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard, DMSO-d6 and CDCl3 as solvents, chemical shifts (δ) in ppm, coupling constants (J) in Hz. High-resolution mass spectra were determined with Thermo Scientific Exactive Plus mass spectrometry (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with the ESI method. Column chromatography was carried out using 200–300 mesh silica gel (Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China,). All chemicals and solvents were analytical reagent grade and were used without further purification. All tested compounds were purified until the purity ≥99% detected by HPLC (Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) under a wavelength of 254 nm, NMR.
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4

Structural Characterization of a Compound

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Optical rotatory dispersions were acquired using a JASCO P-2000 spectrometer. Optical rotations were obtained on an Optical Activity AA-55 series polarimeter. UV data were performed on a Perkin-Elmer model 241 spectrophotometer in MeOH. Electronic circular dichroism spectra were measured using a JASCO J-715 circular dichroism spectrometer. IR spectra were determined using KBr pellets with a Nicolet NEXUS 470 spectrophotometer. Vibrational circular dichroism spectra were taken on a BioTools ChiralIR-2X spectrophotometer. 1D and 2D NMR data (600 MHz for 1H and 150 MHz for 13C) were acquired on Bruker Avance-III 600 MHz NMR spectrometer with TMS as an internal standard. High-resolution mass data were obtained from a Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL spectrometer. HPLC analysis and semi-preparation was performed on a Shimadzu LC-20AT system with a SPD-M20A photodiode array detector, using a Waters RP-18 (XBridge OBD, 5 μm, 10 × 250 mm) and a Waters normal phase (ViridisTM Silica 2-Ethylpyridine, 5 μm, 10 × 250 mm) columns. Column chromatography was performed on Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qingdao Marine Chemical Factory), and Sephadex LH-20 (18–110 μm, Pharmacia Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Sweden).
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5

Analytical Characterization of Natural Products

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Optical rotations were obtained on a JASCO P-1020 digital polarimeter (Horiba, Kyoto, Japan). NMR spectra were obtained on Bruker 500 MHz and Bruker Avance III 600 MHz spectrometers (Bruker, Karlsruher, Germany). HRESIMS were recorded on an Agilent 6200 Q-TOF MS system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). HREIMS were measured on a Waters Autospec Premier P776 mass spectrometer (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China) and Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biosciences, Upssala, Sweden) were used for column chromatography. Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Pre-HPLC) was performed on an Agilent 1260 liquid chromatography system equipped with a Zorbax SB-C18 column (5 μm, 9.4 mm × 150 mm) (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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6

Comprehensive Spectroscopic Analysis of Natural Compounds

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Optical rotations were measured on an MCP 200 polarimeter by using a Na lamp (Anton Paar). UV spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu UV-2501PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). To obtained ECD experiment data, Chirascan and Chirascan-Plus circular dichroism spectrometers (Applied Photophysics Ltd., Surrey, UK) were used. IR spectra were recorded using a Fourier transformation infra-red spectrometer coupled with infrared microscope EQUINOX 55 (Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany). NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer with tetramethylsilane as the internal standard (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). HR-ESIMS data were determined by an LTQ-Orbitrap LC-MS spectrometer (Thermo Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA). ESIMS were acquired in an ACQUITY QDA (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA). Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qing dao Marine Chemical Factory, Qingdao, China) and Sephadex LH-20 (GF Healthcare, Littile Chalfont, UK) was used for column chromatography (CC). Semipreparative HPLC was performed on an Essentia LC-16 (Shimadzu, Shanghai, China). Thin layer chromatography was carried out on Pre-coated silica gel plates (Qingdao Huang Hai Chemical Group Co., G60, F-254, China).
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7

Analytical Techniques for Natural Product Isolation

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Optical rotation was measured on a Jasco P-1020 automatic digital polarimeter. UV data were obtained from HPLC online analysis. NMR spectra were carried out on a Bruker AV-400, Bruker DRX-500 or Bruker AV-600 instrument with deuterated solvent signals used as internal standards. ESI and HRESIMS were performed with a Shimadzu LC-IT-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI interface (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China), Chromatorex C-18 (40–75 μm, Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd., Japan) and Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden) were used for normal pressure column chromatography (CC). Fractions were monitored and analyzed by TLC, in combination with Agilent 1200 series HPLC system equipped by Extend-C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm).
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8

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Optical rotations were measured on a Jasco P-1020 (Jasco International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) automatic digital polarimeter. IR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR (Bruker Optics GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) spectrometer with KBr pellets. UV spectra were carried out on a Shimadzu UV-2401A spectrometer. NMR spectra were carried out on Bruker DRX-500, AV-400 or AV-600 (Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany) spectrometer with the deuterated solvent as an internal standard. EIMS and ESIMS (including HRESIMS) were measured on Finnigan-MAT 90 and API QSTAR Pulsar i (MDS Sciex, Concord, Ontario, Canada) mass spectrometers, respectively. Silica gel 200–300 mesh (Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China) and Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden) were used for normal pressure column chromatography. Fractions were monitored and analyzed by TLC (silica gel 60 F254, Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., Qingdao, China), in combination with Agilent 1200 series HPLC system (Eclipse XDB-C18 column, 5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm). Preparative HPLC was performed using an Agilent 1100 series (Zorbax SB-C18 column, 5 μm, 9.4 × 150 mm).
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9

Isolation and Characterization of Cholesterol and Epoxypregnenolone

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Cholesterol and 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone were purchased from Xian Blue Sky Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. (China). Silica gel GF254 plates and silica gel 200–300 mesh were obtained from Qingdao Marine Chemical Ltd. (China). NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AV-600 MHz instruments (Bruker, Switzerland) with TMS as an internal standard. MS spectra were recorded on an HPLC-MS ZQ4000/2695 (Waters, USA). Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Biosciences, Sweden) was used for column chromatography. Petroleum ether, acetone, and chloroform were of analytical grade and methanol for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was of chromatography grade (Waters Symmetry Shield RP 18, 150 mm × 3.9 mm 5 μm).
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10

Evaluation of Insect Repellent Efficacy

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Silica gel (200–300 mesh) and silica gel plate G were purchased from Qingdao Marine Chemical Plant (Shandong Province, China). Fluon was purchased from Beijing Sino-Rich Co. (Beijing, China). C5–C36n-alkanes were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The positive control in contact toxicity assay, pyrethrins (pyrethrin I, 24%; pyrethrin II, 13%; cinnerin I, 2%; cinnerin II, 2%; jasmolin I, 1%; jasmolin II, 1%), were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Germany. A commercial repellent, DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), was obtained from the National Center of Pesticide Standards (8 Shenliao West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, China) and used as a positive control in repellency test. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
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