Antibodies for vimentin

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 (1:1) and foetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Trypsin, type II collagenase and 5-bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). DH5α competent cells were purchased from Tiangen (Beijing, China). Specific rabbit monoclonal antibodies against hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4 (HCN4), which is a marker for SAN, connexin 43 (COX43), which is a common connexion between cardiac cells, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), which is a marker for NRVMs, α-striated actin (α-SA), which is a marker for NRVMs, and GAPDH were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); antibodies for vimentin, which is a marker for CFs, and COX-45, which is another common connexion between cardiac cells, were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA), respectively; and antibodies for myosin heavy chain (MHC), which is a marker for NRVMs, and α-striated muscle actin (α-SMA), which is a marker for cardiac myofibroblasts (CMFs) were purchased from Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology (Wuhan, China) and Wuhan Tiandeyue Biotechnology (Wuhan, China), respectively.