Piper longum was purchased from Anguo, Hebei province, China, in 2014 and identified by Rong Luo, associate professor, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University. The voucher specimens of this material have been deposited in School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University.
The PLA extract was made as our previous work described [15 (link)]. The content of total alkaloids was 74.6 % determined by UV, meanwhile the contents of piperine and piperlonguminine were 53.08 and 1.73 % respectively determined by HPLC. PLA was analyzed in a previous study carried out by our laboratory. Refer to this work for information about detailed compositions and chromatogram of PLA [15 (link)].
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli. serotype O26:B6), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody, TritonX-100 and apomorphine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rabbit anti-Iba-1 antibody was purchased from BOSTER (Wuhan, China). Interleukin-1β (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from MultiScience Biotech Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China). Nitric oxide (NO) kit was purchased from NanjingJiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Jiangsu, China).