Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against β actin

Fenofibrate and cisplatin (SIGMA-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies against human p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma), mouse cleaved caspase-8, human p38 and human NFkB, phosphorylated human JNK (p-JNK), human p38 (p-p38), human ERK (p-ERK), human NFkB (p-NFkB) and human 14-3-3 (p-14-3-3), and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against human cleaved caspase-3, human JNK, rat ERK, human 14-3-3, mouse cleaved caspase-9, mouse caspase 12, human AMPK and human LC3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibody against human p62 was purchased from MEDICAL and BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES Co. Ltd. (Nagano, Japan). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against β-actin, and Rabbit monoclonal antibodies against human Cox IV were purchased from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, UK). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit immunoglobulins (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) were also used. An inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Texas, U.S.A).

LIRA was purchased from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), and FITC-conjugated anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) monoclonal antibody were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). The GLP-1R antagonist, Exendin (9–39) (Exe(9–39)), was purchased from AnaSpec (San Jose, CA, USA). Trypsin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco (of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against ERK1/2, Akt and phosphorylated (p)-Akt, and the mouse monoclonal antibody against p-ERK1/2 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against β-actin, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Secondary antibodies were purchased from Vector Labs (Burlingame, CA, USA). Western blot bands were detected using the ECL Advance Western blotting detection kit from GE Healthcare (Chalfont St Giles, UK). Cell Counting Kit-8 was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Rockville, MD, USA). Transwell plates were purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Annexin V-FITC Kit was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).